Nāhuatl

Classical Nahuatl

Uto-Aztecan (Nahuan) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyUto-Aztecan (Nahuan) SpeakersExtinct (modern descendants) ScriptAztec pictographs, Latin (colonial) CountriesAztec Empire (central Mexico) Official inAztec Empire Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3nci

Also known as: Classical Nahuatl, Aztec

Classical Nahuatl (mācēhuallahtōlli) was the language of the Aztec Empire and the lingua franca of Mesoamerican high culture from c. 1300 to the Spanish conquest of 1521. Recorded extensively in colonial-era manuscripts (the Florentine Codex compiled by Sahagún 1577, the Codex Mendoza, the Cantares Mexicanos), it preserves a rich tradition of poetry (xōchitl in cuīcatl, "flower and song"), philosophy, and administration. Classical Nahuatl gave world languages many words: chocolate (xocolātl), tomato (tomatl), avocado (āhuacatl), coyote (coyōtl), chili (chīlli). Modern Nahuatl varieties (~1.5M speakers) descend directly from Classical.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Classical Nahuatl

Water

ātl

/aːtɬ/

Fire

tlētl

/tɬeːtɬ/

Sun

tōnatiuh

/toːnatiw/

Moon

mētztli

/meːtstɬi/

Mother

nāntli

/naːntɬi/

Father

tāhtli

/taːtɬi/

Eat

tlacua

/tɬakʷa/

Drink

ātli

/aːtɬi/

Love

tlazōhtla

/tɬasoːhtɬa/

Heart

yōllōtl

/joːlːoːtɬ/

Tree

cuahuitl

/kʷawitɬ/

House

calli

/kalːi/

Dog

itzcuīntli

/itskʷiːntɬi/

Cat

mīztōn

/miːstoːn/

Hand

māitl

/maːitɬ/

Eye

īxtli

/iːʃtɬi/

Hello

niltze

/niltse/

Thank you

tlazōhcāmati

/tɬasoːhkaːmati/

One

/seː/

Good

cualli

/kʷalːi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Uto-Aztecan (Nahuan) languages

Meaning Classical NahuatlCentral Huasteca NahuatlWestern Huasteca NahuatlGuerrero NahuatlEastern Huasteca NahuatlIsthmus NahuatlNawat
Water ātl /aːtɬ/ atl /atɬ/ atl /atɬ/ atl /atɬ/ atl /atɬ/ ahtli /aʔtli/ at /at/
Fire tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ tlitl /tɬitɬ/ tlitl /tɬitɬ/ tletl /tɬetɬ/ titl /titɬ/ tit /tit/ tit /tit/
Sun tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ tonati /tonati/ tonati /tonati/ tonatih /tonatih/ tonatih /tonatih/ tonal /tonal/ tunal /tunal/
Moon mētztli /meːtstɬi/ metztli /metstɬi/ metztli /metstɬi/ metztli /metstɬi/ metztli /metstɬi/ metz /mets/ metsti /metsti/
Mother nāntli /naːntɬi/ nana /nana/ nana /nana/ nanan /nanan/ mama /mama/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/
Father tāhtli /taːtɬi/ tata /tata/ tata /tata/ tatah /tatah/ tata /tata/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/
Eat tlacua /tɬakʷa/ tlacua /tɬakʷa/ tlacua /tɬakʷa/ tlakua /tɬakʷa/ tlacua /tɬakʷa/ tacua /takʷa/ takwa /takwa/
Drink ātli /aːtɬi/ atli /atɬi/ atli /atɬi/ atli /atɬi/ atli /atɬi/ ati /ati/ ati /ati/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Classical Nahuatl
Nehuātl nicnequi nicyecoa in tilmahtli ‌in oniquittac īpan cē teopōuhcalli tlaīxpan in cochicalli
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

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