Mexicaneru

Isthmus Nahuatl

Uto-Aztecan

FamilyUto-Aztecan Speakers~25K Veracruz (~1.7M Nahuan total) ScriptLatin CountriesMexico Official inNo nationally (recognized as a national language of Mexico under the 2003 LGDLPI, with the same validity as Spanish in its own territory) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3nhx

Isthmus Nahuatl (also Mecayapan-Pajapan Nahuatl, Náhuatl del Istmo) is one of the ~30 modern Nahuatl varieties of Mexico, spoken in three municipalities of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec area in Veracruz. The Nahuan family (descended from Classical Nahuatl nci, the literary language of the Aztec Empire) divides into Eastern Nahuan (including Isthmus) vs. Western Nahuan vs. Pochutec extinct branches. Isthmus Nahuatl is part of the eastern variant cluster, mutually unintelligible with the larger Huasteca Nahuatl (nhe) and Sierra de Puebla Nahuatl varieties. Bilingual education programs since the 1990s have produced standardized literacy materials, with Isthmus Nahuatl notable for preserving classical Nahuatl features (saltillo glottal stops, vowel length distinctions) lost in some western varieties.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Isthmus Nahuatl

Water

ahtli

/aʔtli/

Fire

tit

/tit/

Sun

tonal

/tonal/

Moon

metz

/mets/

Star

sitlalin

/siˈtlalin/

Mother

nan

/nan/

Father

tat

/tat/

I

naja

/ˈnaha/

You

taja

/ˈtaha/

Name

tocayotl

/tokaˈjotɬ/

Eye

ix

/iʃ/

Hand

mahuit

/mawit/

Heart

yolio

/jolio/

Love

nequi

/neki/

Tree

cuahuit

/kʷawit/

House

cali

/kali/

Dog

itzcuintli

/itskʷintli/

Cat

miston

/miston/

Eat

tacua

/takʷa/

Drink

ati

/ati/

One

ce

/se/

Two

ome

/ˈome/

Hello

niltze

/niltse/

Thank you

tlazohcamati

/tlasoʔkamati/

Good

cualli

/kʷalːi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Uto-Aztecan languages

Meaning Isthmus NahuatlCentral Huasteca NahuatlWestern Huasteca NahuatlNawatGuerrero NahuatlEastern Huasteca NahuatlClassical Nahuatl
Water ahtli /aʔtli/ atl /atɬ/ atl /atɬ/ at /at/ atl /atɬ/ atl /atɬ/ ātl /aːtɬ/
Fire tit /tit/ tlitl /tɬitɬ/ tlitl /tɬitɬ/ tit /tit/ tletl /tɬetɬ/ tlitl /tɬitɬ/ tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/
Sun tonal /tonal/ tonati /tonati/ tonati /tonati/ tunal /tunal/ tonatih /tonatih/ tonatih /tonatih/ tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/
Moon metz /mets/ metztli /metstɬi/ metztli /metstɬi/ metsti /metsti/ metztli /metstɬi/ metztli /metstɬi/ mētztli /meːtstɬi/
Star sitlalin /siˈtlalin/ sitlalij /siˈtlalih/ sitlalij /siˈtlalih/ sital /ˈsital/ sitlalin /siˈtlalin/ sitlalij /siˈtlalih/ cītlālin /siːˈtlaːlin/
Mother nan /nan/ nana /nana/ nana /nana/ nan /nan/ nanan /nanan/ mama /mama/ nāntli /naːntɬi/
Father tat /tat/ tata /tata/ tata /tata/ tat /tat/ tatah /tatah/ tata /tata/ tahtli /tahtɬi/
I naja /ˈnaha/ na /na/ na /na/ naja /ˈnaha/ nejua /neˈwa/ na /na/ nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/
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