Kajin Majeḷ

Marshallese

Austronesian (Micronesian)

FamilyAustronesian (Micronesian) Speakers~55K ScriptLatin (with diacritics ḷ ṃ ņ ñ) CountriesMarshall Islands, USA Official inMarshall Islands (with English) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3mah

Marshallese (Kajin M̧ajeļ) is the national language of the Marshall Islands, with ~55K speakers in the country and a substantial diaspora in the U.S. (especially Springdale, Arkansas, with ~15K). Co-official with English. Phonologically unusual for Micronesian, with a four-way velarized/palatalized contrast on consonants and a vowel system traditionally analyzed as having only 4 underlying vowels (with positional allophones). Two main dialects: Rālik (western) and Ratak (eastern). Uses an extended Latin script with sub-dotted/cedilla letters (ḷ, ṃ, ņ, ñ). The Compact of Free Association (1986) ties Marshallese closely to the U.S.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Marshallese

Water

dān

/tʲaːn/

Fire

kijeek

/kʲideːk/

Sun

aḷ

/alˠ/

Moon

aḷḷōñ

/alˠːəŋ/

Mother

jinō

/tʲinə/

Father

jemān

/tʲemʲaːn/

Eat

ṃōñā

/mˠəɲˠaː/

Drink

idaak

/idˠaːkʲ/

Love

yokwe

/jokwe/

Heart

bōro

/pˠəɾə/

Tree

wōjke

/wətʲkʲe/

House

eṃ

/emˠ/

Dog

kidu

/kʲidˠu/

Cat

kuuj

/kʲuːtʲ/

Hand

/pˠaː/

Eye

mej

/mʲetʲ/

Hello

yokwe

/jokwe/

Thank you

koṃṃool

/komˠːoːlˠ/

One

juon

/tʲuon/

Good

eṃṃan

/emˠːanʲ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Micronesian) languages

Meaning MarshalleseNorwegianSamogitianBretonJiamaoLithuanianOld Irish
Water dān /tʲaːn/ vann /vɑnː/ vondou /vɔndɔu/ dour /duːɾ/ noːm /noːm/ vanduo /vɐnˈduɔ/ uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/
Fire kijeek /kʲideːk/ ild /ilː/ ognės /ɔɡneːs/ tan /tɑ̃ːn/ hoːi /hoːi/ ugnis /uɡʲˈnʲɪs/ tene /tene/
Sun aḷ /alˠ/ sol /suːl/ saulė /sauleː/ heol /heːɔl/ mau /mau/ saulė /ˈsaʊlʲeː/ grían /ɡrian/
Moon aḷḷōñ /alˠːəŋ/ måne /moːnə/ mienou /mʲeːnɔu/ loar /lwaːɾ/ naː /naː/ mėnulis /mʲeːˈnʊlʲɪs/ éscae /eːskai/
Mother jinō /tʲinə/ mor /muːr/ mama /mama/ mamm /mɑ̃m/ miə /miə/ motina /ˈmotʲɪnɐ/ máthair /maːθirʲ/
Father jemān /tʲemʲaːn/ far /fɑːr/ tievs /tʲieːvs/ tad /taːd/ paː /paː/ tėvas /ˈtʲeːvɐs/ athair /aθirʲ/
Eat ṃōñā /mˠəɲˠaː/ spise /spiːsə/ valgītė /vaɫɡʲiːteː/ debriñ /debɾĩː/ kɛːn /kɛːn/ valgyti /ˈvɐlɡʲiːtʲɪ/ ithid /iθʲiðʲ/
Drink idaak /idˠaːkʲ/ drikke /drɪkːə/ gertė /ɡʲɛrteː/ evañ /eːvɑ̃/ ɲom /ɲom/ gerti /ˈɡʲɛrtʲɪ/ ibid /iβʲiðʲ/
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