ግዕዝ

Ge'ez

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, South, Ethio-Semitic, Northern) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Semitic, South, Ethio-Semitic, Northern) SpeakersLiturgical ScriptEthiopic (Ge'ez fidäl, the abugida it gave its name to) CountriesAksumite Empire Official inAksumite Empire (4th-7th c. CE); Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church liturgy Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3gez

Ge'ez (ግዕዝ Gəʿəz) is the South Semitic Ethio-Semitic language of the Aksumite Empire (4th-7th c. CE) of modern Ethiopia and Eritrea — possibly the oldest Christian liturgical language still in regular use. Native L1 transmission ended around the 10th-13th centuries as it was succeeded by the modern Ethio-Semitic languages Tigrinya (ti), Amharic (am), and Tigre (tig), but Ge'ez has continued unbroken as the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches and the Ethiopian Catholic Church. The Ge'ez fidäl abugida (the Ethiopic script) gave its name to the modern Ethiopic script family. Major texts include the Bible (translated 4th-7th c.), the Book of Enoch (preserved only in Ge'ez), the Kebra Nagast.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Ge'ez

Water

ማይ

/maːj/

Fire

እሳት

/ʔəsaːt/

Sun

ፀሐይ

/sˤaħaj/

Moon

ወርኅ

/warχ/

Mother

እም

/ʔəmm/

Father

አብ

/ʔab/

Eat

በልዐ

/balʕa/

Drink

ሰትየ

/satja/

Love

አፍቀረ

/ʔafqara/

Heart

ልብ

/ləbb/

Tree

ዕፅ

/ʕasˤ/

House

ቤት

/beːt/

Dog

ከልብ

/kalb/

Cat

ድሙ

/dəmmu/

Hand

እድ

/ʔəd/

Eye

ዐይን

/ʕajn/

Hello

ሰላም

/salaːm/

Thank you

ምስጋና

/məsɡaːnaː/

One

አሐዱ

/ʔaħadu/

Good

ሠናይ

/sanaːj/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, South, Ethio-Semitic, Northern) languages

Meaning Ge'ezTigreSabaeanUgariticOld AramaicPhoenicianArabic (Gulf)
Water ማይ /maːj/ ማይ /maj/ 𐩣𐩺 /maːʔ/ 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ מין /majin/ 𐤌𐤌 /majim/ ماي /maːj/
Fire እሳት /ʔəsaːt/ እሳት /ʔəssat/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ אש /ʔɛʃ/ 𐤀𐤔 /ʔeʃ/ نار /naːɾ/
Sun ፀሐይ /sˤaħaj/ ጸሓይ /tsʼəħaj/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ 𐤔𐤌𐤔 /ʃameʃ/ شمس /ʃams/
Moon ወርኅ /warχ/ ወርሕ /waɾəħ/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warkʰ/ 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ שהר /sahr/ 𐤉𐤓𐤇 /jaræħ/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/
Mother እም /ʔəmm/ እሞ /ʔəmmo/ 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/ 𐎜𐎎 /ʔumm/ אמ /ʔem/ 𐤀𐤌 /ʔem/ أم /ʔumm/
Father አብ /ʔab/ አቦ /ʔabbo/ 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/ 𐎜𐎁 /ʔabu/ אב /ʔab/ 𐤀𐤁 /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/
Eat በልዐ /balʕa/ በልዐ /balʕa/ 𐩱𐩫𐩡 /ʔakal/ 𐎍𐎈𐎎 /laħam/ אכל /ʔakal/ 𐤀𐤊𐤋 /ʔakal/ ياكل /jaːkil/
Drink ሰትየ /satja/ ሰትየ /satja/ 𐩪𐩩𐩺 /ʃataja/ 𐎌𐎚𐎊 /ʃataju/ שתה /ʃataː/ 𐤔𐤕 /ʃat/ يشرب /jiʃɾab/
Page 1/3

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.