ትግረ

Tigre

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Ethiopian)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Semitic, Ethiopian) Speakers~1.5M ScriptGe'ez CountriesEritrea (lowlands), Sudan Official inEritrea (recognized) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tig

Tigre (Xasa) is an Ethiopian Semitic (North) language spoken by ~1.3M in the Eritrean lowlands, closely related to Tigrinya and the liturgical Geʿez. Most Tigre speakers are Sunni Muslim pastoralists, distinguishing them culturally from the Christian Tigrinya highlanders. Despite the Ethiopic Geʿez script being available, Tigre is mostly written in adapted Arabic script reflecting its Muslim community, with limited Latin and Geʿez use. No standardized written tradition.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tigre

Water

ማይ

/maj/

Fire

እሳት

/ʔəssat/

Sun

ጸሓይ

/tsʼəħaj/

Moon

ወርሕ

/waɾəħ/

Mother

እሞ

/ʔəmmo/

Father

አቦ

/ʔabbo/

Eat

በልዐ

/balʕa/

Drink

ሰትየ

/satja/

Love

ፍቅሪ

/fəqʼri/

Heart

ልቢ

/ləbbi/

Tree

ዕጨይ

/ʕətʃʼaj/

House

ቤት

/beːt/

Dog

ከልብ

/kalb/

Cat

ድሙ

/dəmmu/

Hand

እድ

/ʔəd/

Eye

ዐይን

/ʕajn/

Hello

ሰላም

/salaːm/

Thank you

የቀንየለይ

/jəqanjəlej/

One

ሓዲ

/ħadi/

Good

ጽቡቕ

/tsʼəbbuqʼ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Ethiopian) languages

Meaning TigreGe'ezTigrinyaSabaeanOld AramaicUgariticArabic (Algerian)
Water ማይ /maj/ ማይ /maːj/ ማይ /maj/ 𐩣𐩺 /maːʔ/ מין /majin/ 𐎎𐎊 /maju/ الما /lma/
Fire እሳት /ʔəssat/ እሳት /ʔəsaːt/ ሓዊ /ħawi/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ אש /ʔɛʃ/ 𐎛𐎌𐎚 /ʔiʃt/ العافية /lʕafja/
Sun ጸሓይ /tsʼəħaj/ ፀሐይ /sˤaħaj/ ጸሓይ /tsʼəħaj/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ שמש /ʃamʃ/ 𐎌𐎔𐎌 /ʃapʃ/ الشمس /ʃʃəms/
Moon ወርሕ /waɾəħ/ ወርኅ /warχ/ ወርሒ /wərħi/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warkʰ/ שהר /sahr/ 𐎊𐎗𐎈 /jaːriχ/ القمر /lqmər/
Mother እሞ /ʔəmmo/ እም /ʔəmm/ ኣደ /ʔaddə/ 𐩱𐩣 /ʔumm/ אמ /ʔem/ 𐎜𐎎 /ʔumm/ يما /jəmma/
Father አቦ /ʔabbo/ አብ /ʔab/ ኣቦ /ʔabbo/ 𐩱𐩨 /ʔab/ אב /ʔab/ 𐎜𐎁 /ʔabu/ بابا /baːba/
Eat በልዐ /balʕa/ በልዐ /balʕa/ ምብላዕ /mɨblaʕ/ 𐩱𐩫𐩡 /ʔakal/ אכל /ʔakal/ 𐎍𐎈𐎎 /laħam/ كلى /kla/
Drink ሰትየ /satja/ ሰትየ /satja/ ምስታይ /mɨstaj/ 𐩪𐩩𐩺 /ʃataja/ שתה /ʃataː/ 𐎌𐎚𐎊 /ʃataju/ شرب /ʃrəb/
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