Palestinian Arabic

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Semitic) Speakers~4–5M (Palestinian territories + diaspora) ScriptArabic CountriesPalestine Official inNot official; recognized minority language in Palestinian territories; co-official status in some local governance contexts

Palestinian Arabic (العربية الفلسطينية; language tag ar-PS) comprises South Levantine Arabic varieties spoken in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, Israel, and Palestinian diaspora. It varies: urban, rural, Bedouin, and Druze traditions differ across Jerusalem, Nablus, Hebron, Gaza, and other localities. One marker is the reflex of historical qāf, commonly /ʔ/ in urban speech, /k/ in many rural varieties, /g/ in many Bedouin varieties, and /q/ in some communities; mobility and accommodation also reshape these patterns. Its grammar shares Levantine features such as a b-marked indicative imperfect, while vocabulary and pronunciation differ locally and contact with Hebrew, English, and other languages contributes loans. Arabic is the official language under the Palestinian Basic Law; Modern Standard Arabic dominates formal writing and education, while Palestinian Arabic is the ordinary spoken language and is also written informally in Arabic script or social-media spellings.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Palestinian Arabic

Water

ميّ

/majj/

Fire

نار

/naːr/

Sun

شمس

/ʃams/

Moon

قمر

/ʔamar/

Star

نجمة

/nidʒme/

Mother

إمّ

/ʔemm/

Father

أب

/ʔab/

I

أنا

/ʔana/

You

إنت

/ʔinta/

Name

اسم

/ʔism/

Eye

عين

/ʕeːn/

Hand

إيد

/ʔiːd/

Heart

قلب

/ʔalb/

Love

حب

/ħobb/

Tree

شجرة

/ʃajara/

House

بيت

/beːt/

Dog

كلب

/kalb/

Cat

بسّة

/bissa/

Eat

ياكل

/jaːkol/

Drink

يشرب

/jiʃrab/

One

واحد

/waːħad/

Two

اثنين

/tneːn/

Hello

مرحبا

/marħaba/

Thank you

شكراً

/ʃukran/

Good

منيح

/mniːħ/

Cuckoo

وَقْوَاق

/waqˈwaːq/

Computer

كمبيوتر

/kambjuːtar/

Sushi

سوشي

/suːʃi/

Words compared

Compared with related Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) languages

Meaning Palestinian ArabicArabic (Syrian)Arabic (Lebanese)Arabic (Levantine)Jordanian ArabicArabic (Egyptian)Omani Arabic (Hijazi-Omani)
Water ميّ /majj/ ميّ /majj/ ميّ /majj/ ميّ /majj/ ماي /maːj/ ميّه /majːa/ ماي /maːj/
Fire نار /naːr/ نار /naːr/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/
Sun شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/
Moon قمر /ʔamar/ قمر /ʔamar/ قمر /ʔamaɾ/ قمر /ʔamaɾ/ قمر /ɡamar/ قمر /ʔamaɾ/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/
Star نجمة /nidʒme/ نجمة /ˈnəʒme/ نجمة /ˈneʒme/ نجمة /ˈneʒme/ نجمة /nadʒme/ نجمة /ˈneɡma/ نجمة /nedʒma/
Mother إمّ /ʔemm/ إمّ /ʔemm/ إمّ /ʔemm/ إمّ /ʔemm/ أم /ʔumː/ أم /ʔomm/ أم /ʔumm/
Father أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔabb/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔabː/ أب /ʔab/ أب /ʔab/
I أنا /ʔana/ انا /ʔana/ انا /ʔana/ أنا /ˈʔana/ أنا /ʔana/ أنا /ˈana/ أنا /ana/
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