Maaya Tzij

Classical Maya

Mayan · historical / hidden variety

FamilyMayan SpeakersExtinct (modern descendants) ScriptMaya hieroglyphs CountriesMaya civilization (Guatemala, Mexico, Belize, Honduras) Official inMaya city-states Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3emy

Also known as: Classical Maya, Mayan

Classical Maya (Chʼoltiʼ, "the language of the Chʼol-speaking lowlands") was the prestige language of ancient Maya civilization in the Classic period (c. 250–900 CE), recorded in the most fully developed — and only substantially deciphered — pre-Columbian Mesoamerican writing system. The Maya hieroglyphic script — a logo-syllabic system with ~800 distinct signs — recorded history, dynastic chronology, astronomy, ritual, and mythology on stelae, lintels, codices, and ceramic vessels. Major decipherment progress since the 1950s (Knorozov, Proskouriakoff) has read most texts. The classical literary language was based on Cholan (ancestor of modern Chʼortiʼ and Chol).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Classical Maya

Water

haʼ

/haʔ/

Fire

kʼahkʼ

/kʼahkʼ/

Sun

kʼin

/kʼin/

Moon

uh

/uh/

Star

ek'

/eːkʼ/

Mother

naʼ

/naʔ/

Father

yuum

/juːm/

I

hiin

/hiːn/

You

hat

/hat/

Name

k'aba'

/kʼaˈɓaʔ/

Eye

ich

/itʃ/

Hand

kʼab

/kʼab/

Heart

pixan

/piʃan/

Love

yaah

/jaːh/

Tree

cheʼ

/tʃeʔ/

House

otoch

/otoːtʃ/

Dog

peekʼ

/peːkʼ/

Cat

miis

/miːs/

Eat

weʼ

/weʔ/

Drink

ukʼ

/ukʼ/

One

jun

/hun/

Two

cha'

/tʃaʔ/

Hello

bix a beel

/biʃ a beːl/

Thank you

nibʼoolal

/nibʼoːlal/

Good

utz

/uts/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mayan languages

Meaning Classical MayaYucatec MayaTabasco ChontalItzá MayaUspantekoCholTzeltal
Water haʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/
Fire kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ kʼajk /kʼahk/ kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/
Sun kʼin /kʼin/ kʼiin /kʼiːn/ kʼin /kʼin/ kʼin /kʼin/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/
Moon uh /uh/ uj /uh/ ä /æ/ uj /uh/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ uw /uw/ u /u/
Star ek' /eːkʼ/ eekʼ /eːkʼ/ ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ ekʼ /ekʼ/ ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ ekʼ /ekʼ/
Mother naʼ /naʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/ nan /nan/ ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ meʼ /meʔ/
Father yuum /juːm/ taata /taːta/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/
I hiin /hiːn/ teen /teːn/ noʼon /noʔon/ ten /ten/ in /in/ joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ joʼon /hoʔon/
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