Batsʼil kʼop

Tzeltal

Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan)

FamilyMayan (Cholan-Tseltalan) Speakers~600K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Chiapas) Official inMexico (national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tzh

Tzeltal (Bats'il kʼop, "true language") is a Mayan language of the Tseltalan branch, spoken in highland Chiapas, Mexico, with ~600K speakers — sister to Tzotzil within the Tseltalan branch. The largest Mayan language by L1 speakers in Mexico after Yucatec Maya. The Tzeltal Maya are concentrated in the Los Altos region (San Cristóbal de las Casas area), with notable communities in Oxchuc, Tenejapa, Bachajón, and other towns. Each town has its own variety. Recognized as a national language of Mexico (2003 law). Has the typical Mayan ergative-absolutive case system, person markers, and rich verbal aspect morphology. Latin orthography uses apostrophe for ejectives.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tzeltal

Water

jaʼ

/haʔ/

Fire

kʼajkʼ

/kʼahkʼ/

Sun

kʼajkʼal

/kʼahkʼal/

Moon

u

/u/

Star

ekʼ

/ekʼ/

Mother

meʼ

/meʔ/

Father

tat

/tat/

I

joʼon

/hoʔon/

You

jaʼat

/haʔat/

Name

biil

/ɓiːl/

Eye

sit

/sit/

Hand

kʼab

/kʼab/

Heart

oʼtan

/oʔtan/

Love

kʼanbey

/kʼanbej/

Tree

teʼ

/teʔ/

House

na

/na/

Dog

tsʼiʼ

/tsʼiʔ/

Cat

mis

/mis/

Eat

weʼel

/weʔel/

Drink

uchʼel

/utʃʼel/

One

jun

/xun/

Two

cheb

/tʃeb/

Hello

banti winik

/banti winik/

Thank you

wokol awal

/wokol awal/

Good

lek

/lek/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan) languages

Meaning TzeltalTzotzilTojolabalTabasco ChontalCholItzá MayaClassical Maya
Water jaʼ /haʔ/ voʼ /voʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ haʼ /haʔ/
Fire kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ kʼajk /kʼahk/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/
Sun kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ kʼin /kʼin/ kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ kʼin /kʼin/ kʼin /kʼin/
Moon u /u/ u /u/ ixaw /iʃaw/ ä /æ/ uw /uw/ uj /uh/ uh /uh/
Star ekʼ /ekʼ/ kʼanal /kʼanal/ kʼanal /kʼanal/ ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ ekʼ /ekʼ/ ek' /eːkʼ/
Mother meʼ /meʔ/ meʼ /meʔ/ nan /nan/ naʼ /naʔ/ ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/ naʼ /naʔ/
Father tat /tat/ tot /tot/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ yuum /juːm/
I joʼon /hoʔon/ voʼon /voʔon/ keʼn /keʔn/ noʼon /noʔon/ joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ ten /ten/ hiin /hiːn/
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