Batsʼil kʼop

Tzeltal

Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan)

FamilyMayan (Cholan-Tseltalan) Speakers~600K ScriptLatin CountriesMexico (Chiapas) Official inMexico (national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tzh

Tzeltal (Bats'il kʼop, "true language") is a Mayan language of the Tseltalan branch, spoken in highland Chiapas, Mexico, with ~600K speakers — sister to Tzotzil within the Tseltalan branch. The largest Mayan language by L1 speakers in Mexico after Yucatec Maya. The Tzeltal Maya are concentrated in the Los Altos region (San Cristóbal de las Casas area), with notable communities in Oxchuc, Tenejapa, Bachajón, and other towns. Each town has its own variety. Recognized as a national language of Mexico (2003 law). Has the typical Mayan ergative-absolutive case system, person markers, and rich verbal aspect morphology. Latin orthography uses apostrophe for ejectives.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tzeltal

Water

jaʼ

/xaʔ/

Fire

kʼaal

/kʼaːl/

Sun

kʼajkʼal

/kʼaxkʼal/

Moon

u

/u/

Mother

meʼ

/meʔ/

Father

tat

/tat/

Eat

weʼel

/weʔel/

Drink

uchʼel

/utʃʼel/

Love

kʼanbey

/kʼanbej/

Heart

oʼtan

/oʔtan/

Tree

teʼ

/teʔ/

House

na

/na/

Dog

tsʼiʼ

/tsʼiʔ/

Cat

mis

/mis/

Hand

kʼab

/kʼab/

Eye

sit

/sit/

Hello

banti winik

/banti winik/

Thank you

wokol awal

/wokol awal/

One

jun

/xun/

Good

lek

/lek/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan) languages

Meaning TzeltalTzotzilTojolabalTabasco ChontalCholQ'anjob'alItzá Maya
Water jaʼ /xaʔ/ voʼ /voʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/ haʼ /haʔ/ jaʼ /haʔ/
Fire kʼaal /kʼaːl/ kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ kʼajk /kʼahk/ qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/
Sun kʼajkʼal /kʼaxkʼal/ kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ kʼin /kʼin/ kʼajn /kʼahn/ kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ kʼin /kʼin/
Moon u /u/ u /u/ ixaw /iʃaw/ ä /æ/ uw /uw/ ixaw /iʃaw/ uj /uh/
Mother meʼ /meʔ/ meʼ /meʔ/ nan /nan/ naʼ /naʔ/ ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ mim /mim/ naʼ /naʔ/
Father tat /tat/ tot /tot/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ tat /tat/ mam /mam/ tat /tat/
Eat weʼel /weʔel/ veʼel /veʔel/ waʼel /waʔel/ weʼ /weʔ/ kʼux /kʼuʃ/ lo /lo/ jant /hant/
Drink uchʼel /utʃʼel/ uchʼ /utʃʼ/ ukʼ /ukʼ/ ukʼe /ukʼe/ ucʼ /utsʼ/ uku /uku/ ukʼ /ukʼ/
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