nʉmʉnʉʉ

Comanche

Uto-Aztecan

FamilyUto-Aztecan Speakers600-2000 fluent speakers; critically endangered ScriptLatin alphabet (modern standard orthography) Official inLanguage of the Comanche Nation (tribal recognition); revitalization efforts through tribal programs; no official state status

Comanche is a critically endangered Uto-Aztecan language spoken primarily in Oklahoma by the Comanche Nation. Native speakers are predominantly over 60 years old. The endonym is nʉmʉnʉʉ meaning 'the people.' Multiple concepts lack reliable documented everyday words in accessible primary sources (marked as —); vocabulary represents standardized modern forms with significant dialectal variation. IPA transcriptions based on available academic grammars; speaker estimates vary acr

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Comanche

Water

/pʊ/

Fire

kohtopu

/kohtopʉ/

Sun

taabe

/taːbe/

Moon

poʰa

/poːɑ/

Mother

miʰa

/miːɑ/

Father

/pʊ/

Eat

nʉʉ

/nɨː/

Drink

/tɨ/

Love

wʊʊʰa

/wʊːhɑ/

Heart

koroma

/kɔɾomɑ/

Tree

piʰe

/piːe/

House

tua

/tuɑ/

Dog

sʉwʉ

/sɨwɨ/

Cat

ɨsʉ

/ɪsɨ/

Hand

nami

/nɑmi/

Eye

tʊka

/tʊkɑ/

Hello

haʊ

/hɑʊ/

Thank you

/—/

One

/tʊ/

Good

puʰa

/pʊɑ/

Words compared

Compared with related Uto-Aztecan languages

Meaning ComanchePashtoNorwegian NynorskSitu rGyalrongParauk WaKurdish (Sorani)Norwegian
Water /pʊ/ اوبه /obə/ vatn /vɑːtn/ tʃʰu /tʃʰu/ tʃɔː /tʃɔː/ ئاو /ɑːw/ vann /vɑnː/
Fire kohtopu /kohtopʉ/ اور /oːɾ/ eld /ɛld/ /mə/ miː /miː/ ئاگر /ɑːɡɪɾ/ ild /ilː/
Sun taabe /taːbe/ لمر /lmər/ sol /suːl/ niʂ /niʂ/ waː /waː/ خۆر /xoːɾ/ sol /suːl/
Moon poʰa /poːɑ/ سپوږمۍ /spoːʐmaj/ måne /moːnə/ zla /zlɑ/ lɔː /lɔː/ مانگ /mɑːŋɡ/ måne /moːnə/
Mother miʰa /miːɑ/ مور /moːɾ/ mor /muːr/ ma /mɑ/ maː /maː/ دایک /dɑːjɪk/ mor /muːr/
Father /pʊ/ پلار /plɑːɾ/ far /fɑːr/ /pə/ pʰaː /pʰaː/ باوک /bɑːwk/ far /fɑːr/
Eat nʉʉ /nɨː/ خوړل /xwəɽəl/ eta /eːtɑ/ mə-za /mə.zɑ/ sɛː /sɛː/ خواردن /xwɑːɾdɪn/ spise /spiːsə/
Drink /tɨ/ څکل /tskəl/ drikka /drɪkːɑ/ nə-tɕʰə-n /nə.tɕʰə.n/ /pə/ خواردنەوە /xwɑːɾdɪnɛwɛ/ drikke /drɪkːə/
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