Wixárika niukieya
Wixarika
Uto-Aztecan
Wixárika (Huichol, autonymously Wixárika niukieya) is a Uto-Aztecan language of the Corachol sub-branch, spoken by around 50,000 people in the Sierra Madre Occidental highlands of western Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Durango, Zacatecas). The Wixárika are famous for their elaborately preserved indigenous religion centered on peyote pilgrimages to the sacred site of Wirikuta in San Luis Potosí — one of the most well-documented surviving non-Christian indigenous religious traditions of Mesoamerica. Linguistically, Wixárika is most closely related to Cora (crn) — its sister Corachol language — but quite distinct from the Nahuan languages (Nahuatl varieties nci, nch, nhe, etc.) and the Numic languages (Comanche, Shoshone, Paiute) that occupy the northern arms of Uto-Aztecan. The language is unusually vibrant for an indigenous language of Mexico, with intact transmission to children and active community use in markets, ceremonies, and pilgrimages.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Wixarika
Water
ha
/ha/
Fire
tai
/tai/
Sun
tau
/tau/
Moon
metsa
/metsa/
Mother
nana
/nana/
Father
yawe
/jawe/
Eat
kuye
/kuje/
Drink
hi'eka
/hiʔeka/
Love
kanenki
/kanenki/
Heart
iyari
/ijari/
Tree
kiyé
/kije/
House
ki
/ki/
Dog
tsïkï
/tsɨkɨ/
Cat
mitsu
/mitsu/
Hand
mama
/mama/
Eye
tukite
/tukite/
Hello
kekuanenki
/kekwanenki/
Thank you
pa'iwakaitsie
/paʔiwakaitsje/
One
xevi
/ʃevi/
Good
waxa
/waʃa/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Uto-Aztecan languages
| Meaning | Wixarika | Cora | Isthmus Nahuatl | Nawat | Central Huasteca Nahuatl | Western Huasteca Nahuatl | Gilbertese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ha /ha/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ | ahtli /aʔtli/ | at /at/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ran /ɾan/ |
| Fire | tai /tai/ | ta'ai /taʔai/ | tit /tit/ | tit /tit/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | ai /ai/ |
| Sun | tau /tau/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ | tonal /tonal/ | tunal /tunal/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tai /tai/ |
| Moon | metsa /metsa/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ | metz /mets/ | metsti /metsti/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | namwakaina /namʷakaina/ |
| Mother | nana /nana/ | naana /naːna/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | tinau /tinau/ |
| Father | yawe /jawe/ | hahuá /hahwa/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tamau /tamau/ |
| Eat | kuye /kuje/ | kuá /kwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | amwarake /amʷaɾake/ |
| Drink | hi'eka /hiʔeka/ | hi'i /hiʔi/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | nima /nima/ |
| Love | kanenki /kanenki/ | ka'na /kaʔna/ | nech-nequi /netʃneki/ | nesa /nesa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tangira /taŋiɾa/ |
| Heart | iyari /ijari/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ | yolio /jolio/ | yulu /julu/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | nano /nano/ |
| Tree | kiyé /kije/ | kɨré /kɨre/ | cuahuit /kʷawit/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | kai /kai/ |
| House | ki /ki/ | kíh /kih/ | cali /kali/ | kal /kal/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | auti /auti/ |
| Dog | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | tsɨ'ɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | kamea /kamea/ |
| Cat | mitsu /mitsu/ | mistú /mistu/ | miston /miston/ | mishin /miʃin/ | mizton /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | katu /katu/ |
| Hand | mama /mama/ | mam /mam/ | mahuit /mawit/ | mey /mei/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitl/ | bai /bai/ |
| Eye | tukite /tukite/ | húi /hwi/ | ix /iʃ/ | ish /iʃ/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | ke'kuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | mauri /mauɾi/ |
| Thank you | pa'iwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ | tlazohcamati /tlasoʔkamati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | ko rabwa /ko ɾabʷa/ |
| One | xevi /ʃevi/ | cei /tsei/ | ce /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | teuana /teuana/ |
| Good | waxa /waʃa/ | huá'i /hwaʔi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | kwahli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | raoiroi /ɾaoiɾoi/ |
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