pâšâî

Pashai

Indo-Aryan (Dardic)

FamilyIndo-Aryan (Dardic) Speakers~600K ScriptPerso-Arabic CountriesAfghanistan (Kapisa, Laghman, Kunar) Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3psi

Pashayi is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language of east-central Afghanistan (Kapisa, Laghman, Nuristan, Kunar provinces), one of the most divergent Indo-Aryan languages, with ~110K speakers across four dialect groups (NE/SE/NW/SW). Speakers are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Phonologically distinctive for retroflex affricates and a system of breathy-voiced consonants. Limited written tradition; modern documentation projects produce occasional Latin and Arabic-script materials. Classified by some as Nuristani-influenced; deeply endangered as Pashto and Dari encroach.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Pashai

Water

واری

/waːri/

Fire

انگاری

/aŋɡaːri/

Sun

سور

/sur/

Moon

مس

/mas/

Mother

نا

/naː/

Father

تاتا

/taːtaː/

Eat

کخن-

/kxn/

Drink

پی-

/piː/

Love

پیار

/pjaːr/

Heart

دل

/dil/

Tree

درغ

/darʁ/

House

جوغ

/dʒoʁ/

Dog

کوتا

/kotaː/

Cat

بلور

/baloːr/

Hand

دست

/dast/

Eye

اچی

/atʃiː/

Hello

سلام

/salaːm/

Thank you

شکریه

/ʃukrija/

One

ایک

/eːk/

Good

شو

/ʃoː/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-Aryan (Dardic) languages

Meaning PashaiHindkoDogriUrduBhiliHindiKangri
Water واری /waːri/ پانی /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ پانی /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳi/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/
Fire انگاری /aŋɡaːri/ اگ /aɡ/ अग्ग /aɡː/ آگ /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/ आग /aːɡ/ अग्ग /aɡː/
Sun سور /sur/ سورج /soːraj/ सूरज /suːraj/ سورج /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/
Moon مس /mas/ چن /tʃan/ चन्न /tʃanː/ چاند /t͡ʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चाँद /t͡ʃãːd/ चन्न /tʃanː/
Mother نا /naː/ ماں /mãː/ मां /mãː/ ماں /mãː/ माय /maːj/ माँ /mãː/ बेबे /bebe/
Father تاتا /taːtaː/ پیو /pju/ बापू /baːpuː/ والد /vaːlid/ बाबू /baːbuː/ पिता /pitaː/ बापू /baːpuː/
Eat کخن- /kxn/ کھانا /kʰaːnaː/ खाना /kʰaːnaː/ کھانا /kʰaːnaː/ खानु /kʰaːnu/ खाना /kʰaːnaː/ खाणा /kʰaːɳaː/
Drink پی- /piː/ پینا /piːnaː/ पीना /piːnaː/ پینا /piːnaː/ पीनु /piːnu/ पीना /piːnaː/ पीणा /piːɳaː/
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