Brezhoneg
Breton
Celtic
Breton (Brezhoneg) is a Brittonic Celtic language with ~210K speakers in Brittany (NW France) — sister to Welsh (cy) and Cornish (kw); descended from Common Brittonic, brought from southern Britain to Brittany by 5th-7th c. migration. Standardized peurunvan orthography 1941. UNESCO severely endangered. Diwan immersion schools (since 1977) drive revitalization.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Breton
Water
dour
/duːɾ/
Fire
tan
/tɑ̃ːn/
Sun
heol
/heːɔl/
Moon
loar
/lwaːɾ/
Star
steredenn
/steˈreːdɛn/
Mother
mamm
/mɑ̃m/
Father
tad
/taːd/
I
me
/me/
You
te
/te/
Name
anv
/ˈãːno/
Eye
lagad
/laɡat/
Hand
dorn
/dɔɾn/
Heart
kalon
/kalɔ̃n/
Love
karantez
/kaɾɑ̃ntes/
Tree
gwezenn
/ˈɡweːzɛn/
House
ti
/tiː/
Dog
ki
/kiː/
Cat
kazh
/kaːs/
Eat
debriñ
/debɾĩː/
Drink
evañ
/eːvɑ̃/
One
unan
/yːnɑ̃n/
Two
daou
/dɔw/
Hello
demat
/deːmat/
Thank you
trugarez
/tɾyɡaɾes/
Good
mat
/maːt/
Cuckoo
koukoug
/ˈkukuk/
Woof
wouf wouf
/wuf wuf/
Computer
urzhiataer
/yrzjaˈtaɛːr/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsyʃi/
Dopamine
dopamin
/doˈpamin/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Celtic languages
| Meaning | Breton | Cornish | Welsh | Frisian | Afrikaans | Kurdish (Sorani) | Middle English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | dour /duːɾ/ | dowr /dɔuɾ/ | dŵr /duːr/ | wetter /vɛtər/ | water /vɑːtər/ | ئاو /ɑːw/ | water /watər/ |
| Fire | tan /tɑ̃ːn/ | tan /tan/ | tân /tɑːn/ | fjoer /fjuːr/ | vuur /fyːr/ | ئاگر /ɑːɡɪɾ/ | fyr /fyːr/ |
| Sun | heol /heːɔl/ | howl /haʊl/ | haul /haɨl/ | sinne /sɪnə/ | son /sɔn/ | خۆر /xoːɾ/ | sonne /sɔnːə/ |
| Moon | loar /lwaːɾ/ | loor /loːɾ/ | lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ | moanne /mwɑnə/ | maan /mɑːn/ | مانگ /mɑːŋɡ/ | mone /moːnə/ |
| Star | steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ | sterenn /ˈstɛrɛn/ | seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ | stjer /stjɛr/ | ster /stɛr/ | ئەستێرە /ʔæsteːɾæ/ | sterre /ˈstɛrːə/ |
| Mother | mamm /mɑ̃m/ | mamm /mam/ | mam /mam/ | mem /mɛm/ | moeder /muːdər/ | دایک /dɑːjɪk/ | moder /moːdər/ |
| Father | tad /taːd/ | tas /taːs/ | tad /tɑːd/ | heit /hɛit/ | vader /fɑːdər/ | باوک /bɑːwk/ | fader /faːdər/ |
| I | me /me/ | my /mɪ/ | fi /viː/ | ik /ɪk/ | ek /ɛk/ | من /mɪn/ | I /iː/ |
| You | te /te/ | ty /tɪ/ | ti /tiː/ | do /do/ | jy /jəi/ | تۆ /to/ | thou /θuː/ |
| Name | anv /ˈãːno/ | hanow /ˈhanɔw/ | enw /ˈɛnu/ | namme /ˈnamə/ | naam /naːm/ | ناو /naw/ | name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Eye | lagad /laɡat/ | lagas /ˈlaɡas/ | llygad /ɬəɡad/ | each /ɪəx/ | oog /oːx/ | چاو /tʃɑːw/ | eye /iːə/ |
| Hand | dorn /dɔɾn/ | leuv /lœv/ | llaw /ɬaʊ/ | hân /hɔːn/ | hand /ɦant/ | دەست /dɛst/ | hand /hand/ |
| Heart | kalon /kalɔ̃n/ | kolon /ˈkolon/ | calon /kalɔn/ | hert /hɛrt/ | hart /ɦart/ | دڵ /dɪɫ/ | herte /hɛrtə/ |
| Love | karantez /kaɾɑ̃ntes/ | kerensa /kɛˈɾɛnsa/ | cariad /karjad/ | leafde /lɪəfdə/ | liefde /lifdə/ | خۆشەویستی /xoʃɛwiːstiː/ | love /lʊvə/ |
| Tree | gwezenn /ˈɡweːzɛn/ | gwedhen /ˈɡwɛðən/ | coeden /kɔɨdɛn/ | beam /bɪəm/ | boom /boːm/ | دار /dɑːɾ/ | tre /treː/ |
| House | ti /tiː/ | chi /tʃiː/ | tŷ /tiː/ | hûs /huːs/ | huis /ɦœɪs/ | ماڵ /mɑːɫ/ | hous /huːs/ |
| Dog | ki /kiː/ | ki /kiː/ | ci /kiː/ | hûn /huːn/ | hond /ɦɔnt/ | سەگ /sɛɡ/ | hound /huːnd/ |
| Cat | kazh /kaːs/ | kath /kaːθ/ | cath /kɑːθ/ | kat /kɑt/ | kat /kat/ | پشیلە /pʃiːlɛ/ | catte /katːə/ |
| Eat | debriñ /debɾĩː/ | dybri /ˈdɨbɾi/ | bwyta /bʊɨta/ | ite /iːtə/ | eet /eːt/ | خواردن /xwɑːɾdɪn/ | eten /eːtən/ |
| Drink | evañ /eːvɑ̃/ | eva /ˈɛva/ | yfed /əvɛd/ | drinke /drɪŋkə/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | خواردنەوە /xwɑːɾdɪnɛwɛ/ | drinken /drɪŋkən/ |
| One | unan /yːnɑ̃n/ | onen /ˈɔnən/ | un /ɨːn/ | ien /iːn/ | een /eːn/ | یەک /jɛk/ | oon /oːn/ |
| Two | daou /dɔw/ | dew /dɛʊ/ | dau /daɨ/ | twa /twa/ | twee /tʋeː/ | دوو /duː/ | two /twɔː/ |
| Hello | demat /deːmat/ | dydh da /dɪð daː/ | helô /hɛˈloː/ | hoi /hɔi/ | hallo /ɦaˈlo/ | سڵاو /sɫɑːw/ | hail /hɛːl/ |
| Thank you | trugarez /tɾyɡaɾes/ | meur ras /mœːɾ ɾaːs/ | diolch /diːɔlx/ | tankewol /tɑŋkəvɔl/ | dankie /daŋki/ | سوپاس /supɑːs/ | thank /θank/ |
| Good | mat /maːt/ | da /daː/ | da /dɑː/ | goed /ɡuət/ | goed /xut/ | باش /bɑːʃ/ | good /ɡoːd/ |
| Cuckoo | koukoug /ˈkukuk/ | koukou /ˈkukuː/ | cog /koːɡ/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | koekoek /ˈkukuk/ | پەپووک /pɛˈpuːk/ | cuccu /ˈkukuː/ |
| Woof | wouf wouf /wuf wuf/ | — | wff wff /ʊf ʊf/ | — | woef woef /vuf vuf/ | — | — |
| Computer | urzhiataer /yrzjaˈtaɛːr/ | jynn-amontya /dʒɪn əˈmɔntja/ | cyfrifiadur /kəvrɪvˈjaːdɨr/ | kompjûter /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | rekenaar /ˈreːkənɑːr/ | کۆمپیوتەر /kompjuteɾ/ | rekenere /ˈrɛkənɛːrə/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsyʃi/ | — | swshi /ˈsʊʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | سووشی /suːʃi/ | stokfish /ˈstɔkfiʃ/ |
| Dopamine | dopamin /doˈpamin/ | Dopamin /dɔˈpamɪn/ | dopamin /dɔˈpamɪn/ | dopamine /doːpaˈminə/ | dopamien /dopaˈmin/ | دۆپامین /doːpaːˈmiːn/ | — |
Word order compared
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