Kernewek

Cornish

Indo-European (Celtic, Brythonic)

FamilyIndo-European (Celtic, Brythonic) Speakers~600 (revived) ScriptLatin CountriesUnited Kingdom (Cornwall) Official inCornwall (recognized regional) Vitalityseverely-endangered ISO 639-3cor

Cornish (Kernewek) is a revived Brythonic Celtic language native to Cornwall in southwestern Britain, sister to Welsh and Breton. The original native-speaker tradition died out in the late 18th century with Dolly Pentreath of Mousehole (d. 1777), often cited as the last monoglot speaker, though traces lingered into the 19th century. Modern revived Cornish dates from Henry Jenner's 1904 Handbook of the Cornish Language, building on medieval mystery plays (Beunans Meriasek, Beunans Ke) and the Tregear homilies. Three competing orthographies (Unified, Kemmyn/Common, Modern/Standard Written Form) were unified by the SWF in 2008. ~600 fluent users today via the Cornish Language Partnership (Maga) and Mebyon Kernow movement; UK government recognition under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (2002) and full revived-language status from UNESCO in 2010.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Cornish

Water

dowr

/dɔuɾ/

Fire

tan

/tan/

Sun

howl

/haʊl/

Moon

loor

/loːɾ/

Mother

mamm

/mam/

Father

tas

/taːs/

Eat

dybri

/ˈdɨbɾi/

Drink

eva

/ˈɛva/

Love

kerensa

/kɛˈɾɛnsa/

Heart

kolon

/ˈkolon/

Tree

gwedhen

/ˈɡwɛðən/

House

chi

/tʃiː/

Dog

ki

/kiː/

Cat

kath

/kaːθ/

Hand

leuv

/lœv/

Eye

lagas

/ˈlaɡas/

Hello

dydh da

/dɪð daː/

Thank you

meur ras

/mœːɾ ɾaːs/

One

onen

/ˈɔnən/

Good

da

/daː/

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Celtic, Brythonic) languages

Meaning CornishBretonWelshSwedishPukapukanWolofGreek
Water dowr /dɔuɾ/ dour /duːɾ/ dŵr /duːr/ vatten /vatːɛn/ wai /wai/ ndox /ndɔx/ νερό /neˈɾo/
Fire tan /tan/ tan /tɑ̃ːn/ tân /tɑːn/ eld /ɛld/ yayi /ˈjaji/ safara /safaɾa/ φωτιά /foˈtʲa/
Sun howl /haʊl/ heol /heːɔl/ haul /haɨl/ sol /suːl/ la /la/ jant /dʒant/ ήλιος /ˈiʎos/
Moon loor /loːɾ/ loar /lwaːɾ/ lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ måne /moːnɛ/ malama /maˈlama/ weer /wɛːɾ/ φεγγάρι /feˈŋɡaɾi/
Mother mamm /mam/ mamm /mɑ̃m/ mam /mam/ mamma /mamːa/ mama /ˈmama/ yaay /jaːj/ μητέρα /miˈteɾa/
Father tas /taːs/ tad /taːd/ tad /tɑːd/ pappa /papːa/ matua /maˈtua/ baay /baːj/ πατέρας /paˈteɾas/
Eat dybri /ˈdɨbɾi/ debriñ /debɾĩː/ bwyta /bʊɨta/ äta /ɛːta/ kai /kai/ lekk /lɛkː/ τρώω /ˈtɾo.o/
Drink eva /ˈɛva/ evañ /eːvɑ̃/ yfed /əvɛd/ dricka /drɪkːa/ inu /ˈinu/ naan /naːn/ πίνω /ˈpino/
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