Kernewek

Cornish

Indo-European (Celtic, Brythonic)

FamilyIndo-European (Celtic, Brythonic) Speakers~600 (revived) ScriptLatin CountriesUnited Kingdom (Cornwall) Official inCornwall (recognized regional) Vitalityseverely endangered ISO 639-3cor

Cornish (Kernewek) is a revived Brythonic Celtic language native to Cornwall in southwestern Britain, sister to Welsh and Breton. The original native-speaker tradition died out in the late 18th century with Dolly Pentreath of Mousehole (d. 1777), often cited as the last monoglot speaker, though traces lingered into the 19th century. Modern revived Cornish dates from Henry Jenner's 1904 Handbook of the Cornish Language, building on medieval mystery plays (Beunans Meriasek, Beunans Ke) and the Tregear homilies. Three competing orthographies (Unified, Kemmyn/Common, Modern/Standard Written Form) were unified by the SWF in 2008. ~600 fluent users today via the Cornish Language Partnership (Maga) and Mebyon Kernow movement; UK government recognition under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (2002) and full revived-language status from UNESCO in 2010.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Cornish

Water

dowr

/dɔuɾ/

Fire

tan

/tan/

Sun

howl

/haʊl/

Moon

loor

/loːɾ/

Star

sterenn

/ˈstɛrɛn/

Mother

mamm

/mam/

Father

tas

/taːs/

I

my

/mɪ/

You

ty

/tɪ/

Name

hanow

/ˈhanɔw/

Eye

lagas

/ˈlaɡas/

Hand

leuv

/lœv/

Heart

kolon

/ˈkolon/

Love

kerensa

/kɛˈɾɛnsa/

Tree

gwedhen

/ˈɡwɛðən/

House

chi

/tʃiː/

Dog

ki

/kiː/

Cat

kath

/kaːθ/

Eat

dybri

/ˈdɨbɾi/

Drink

eva

/ˈɛva/

One

onen

/ˈɔnən/

Two

dew

/dɛʊ/

Hello

dydh da

/dɪð daː/

Thank you

meur ras

/mœːɾ ɾaːs/

Good

da

/daː/

Cuckoo

koukou

/ˈkukuː/

Computer

jynn-amontya

/dʒɪn əˈmɔntja/

Dopamine

Dopamin

/dɔˈpamɪn/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Celtic, Brythonic) languages

Meaning CornishBretonWelshRomagnolEmilianGreekItalian
Water dowr /dɔuɾ/ dour /duːɾ/ dŵr /duːr/ acua /ˈakwa/ âcua /ˈakwa/ νερό /neˈɾo/ acqua /ˈakkwa/
Fire tan /tan/ tan /tɑ̃ːn/ tân /tɑːn/ fugh /ˈfuɡ/ fôg /ˈfoɡ/ φωτιά /foˈtʲa/ fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/
Sun howl /haʊl/ heol /heːɔl/ haul /haɨl/ sòl /ˈsɔl/ sôl /ˈsoːl/ ήλιος /ˈiʎos/ sole /ˈsoːle/
Moon loor /loːɾ/ loar /lwaːɾ/ lleuad /ɬɛɨ̯ad/ lónna /ˈlonːa/ lónna /ˈlonːa/ φεγγάρι /feˈŋɡaɾi/ luna /ˈluːna/
Star sterenn /ˈstɛrɛn/ steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ seren /ˈsɛrɛn/ stèla /ˈstɛla/ strèla /ˈstrɛla/ αστέρι /aˈsteri/ stella /ˈstɛlla/
Mother mamm /mam/ mamm /mɑ̃m/ mam /mam/ mêdar /ˈmeːdaɾ/ mèder /ˈmɛdɛɾ/ μητέρα /miˈteɾa/ madre /ˈmaːdre/
Father tas /taːs/ tad /taːd/ tad /tɑːd/ pêdar /ˈpeːdaɾ/ pèder /ˈpɛdɛɾ/ πατέρας /paˈteɾas/ padre /ˈpaːdre/
I my /mɪ/ me /me/ fi /viː/ /mɛ/ /mɛ/ εγώ /eˈɣo/ io /ˈio/
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