Yélî Dnye
Kiyele
Language isolate (sometimes grouped Yele-West New Britain)
Yélî Dnye is a language isolate spoken by roughly 4,000–5,000 people on Rossel Island, the easternmost island of the Louisiade Archipelago off Papua New Guinea. It has one of the largest phonemic inventories in the world (around 90 consonants, including doubly articulated stops and a contrast between simple and palatalized series), an extraordinarily complex portmanteau tense/aspect/person system with thousands of irregular verb forms, and gendered avoidance vocabulary (women avoid certain words associated with the sea).
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kiyele
Maji
mbwaa
/mbʷaː/
Moto
ndê
/ndɘ/
Jua
kââdî
/kaːdɨ/
Mwezi
d:ââ
/dːaː/
Mama
pye
/pje/
Baba
m:aa
/mːaː/
Kula
ma
/ma/
Kunywa
ndanî
/ndaˈnɨ/
Upendo
—
/—/
Moyo
gha
/ɣa/
Mti
yi
/ji/
Nyumba
ngomo
/ŋomo/
Mbwa
w:ââ
/wːaː/
Paka
—
/—/
Mkono
kêê
/kɘː/
Jicho
ngwolo
/ŋʷolo/
Habari
mw:aandiye
/mʷaːndije/
Asante
mw:ââkó
/mʷaːˈkɔ/
Moja
ngmidi
/ŋmidi/
Nzuri
mb:aa
/mbːaː/
Vyanzo
- Henderson, J. (1995) Phonology and Grammar of Yele, Papua New Guinea. Pacific Linguistics B-112.
- Levinson, S. C. (2022) A Grammar of Yélî Dnye: The Papuan Language of Rossel Island. De Gruyter Mouton (Pacific Linguistics 666).
- Levinson, S. C. (2013) The Island of Time: Yélî Dnye, the Language of Rossel Island. Frontiers in Psychology 4: 61.
- Glottolog: Yele
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Language isolate (sometimes grouped Yele-West New Britain) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiyele | Kilhomi | Kibidayuh-Bukar | Kikuvi | Kikera | Kigiriki cha Kimycenae | Kitaa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | mbwaa /mbʷaː/ | ཆུ་ /tɕʰu˥/ | piin /piːn/ | ēru /eːru/ | mam /mam/ | 𐀓𐀈 /hudɔːr/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ |
| Moto | ndê /ndɘ/ | མེ་ /me˥/ | apui /aˈpui/ | nēsi /neːsi/ | ákə̀rə /akərə/ | 𐀢 /pyːr/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ |
| Jua | kââdî /kaːdɨ/ | ཉི་མ་ /ɲi˥ma˩/ | biduh /biˈduh/ | vēla /ʋeːla/ | kêr /keːɾ/ | 𐀀𐀺𐀂𐀍 /haːwelios/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ |
| Mwezi | d:ââ /dːaː/ | ཟླ་བ་ /dawa˩/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | lēnʒu /leːnd͡ʒu/ | mə̀sə̀rə /məsərə/ | 𐀕 /mɛːn/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ |
| Mama | pye /pje/ | ཨ་མ་ /ʔama˩/ | sindo /sinˈdoʔ/ | āva /aːʋa/ | nâ /naː/ | 𐀔𐀳 /maːtɛːr/ | qáe /qae/ |
| Baba | m:aa /mːaː/ | ཨ་པ་ /ʔapa˩/ | samah /saˈmah/ | bāva /baːʋa/ | bâ /baː/ | 𐀞𐀳 /patɛːr/ | a̰a /a̰a/ |
| Kula | ma /ma/ | ཟ་ /sa˩/ | kuman /kuˈman/ | tinba /tinba/ | nà /na/ | 𐀁𐀈𐀕𐀙 /edmenai/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ |
| Kunywa | ndanî /ndaˈnɨ/ | འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ˩/ | ŋinum /ŋiˈnum/ | unba /unba/ | sā /saː/ | 𐀡𐀜 /piːnɔː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kùm /kum/ | 𐀠𐀩𐀍 /pʰilos/ | — /—/ |
| Moyo | gha /ɣa/ | སྙིང་ /ɲiŋ˥/ | — /—/ | gunde /ɡunde/ | gùm /ɡum/ | 𐀒𐀵𐀆 /kardia/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ |
| Mti | yi /ji/ | ཤིང་ /ɕiŋ˥/ | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | mara /mara/ | kòsō /kosoː/ | 𐀈𐀬 /doru/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ |
| Nyumba | ngomo /ŋomo/ | ཁྱིམ་ /kʰim˥/ | ramin /raˈmin/ | illu /illu/ | gòl /ɡol/ | 𐀺𐀂𐀒 /woikos/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | w:ââ /wːaː/ | ཁྱི་ /kʰi˥/ | kaso /kaˈsoʔ/ | nēyi /neːji/ | kŋā /kŋaː/ | 𐀓𐀺 /kuwɔːn/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mūsā /muːsaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | kêê /kɘː/ | ལག་པ་ /lakpa˩/ | təŋən /tə̆ˈŋən/ | key /kei̯/ | kéu /keu/ | 𐀐𐀁 /kʰɛːr/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ |
| Jicho | ngwolo /ŋʷolo/ | མིག་ /mik˥/ | baten /baˈten/ | kannu /kannu/ | gìr /ɡir/ | 𐀀𐀡𐀰𐀗𐀳 /opʰtʰalmos/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ |
| Habari | mw:aandiye /mʷaːndije/ | བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས /taɕi˥ tele˩/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ásālāmā /asaːlaːmaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | mw:ââkó /mʷaːˈkɔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | shùkūr /ʃukuːɾ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moja | ngmidi /ŋmidi/ | གཅིག་ /tɕik˥/ | isaʔ /iˈsaʔ/ | ōnte /oːnte/ | ká /ka/ | 𐀁 /hen/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ |
| Nzuri | mb:aa /mbːaː/ | ཡག་པོ་ /jakpo˩/ | biis /biːs/ | nēha /neːha/ | kúɗá /kuɗa/ | 𐀀𐀏𐀳 /aɡatʰos/ | — /—/ |
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