Tetun
Kitetum
Kiaustronesia (Central Malayo-Polynesian)
Kitetum (Tetun; ISO 639-3: tet) ni lugha ya Kiaustronesia na, kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Timor-Leste ya 2002, ni mojawapo ya lugha mbili rasmi za nchi hiyo pamoja na Kireno. Tetun Dili, pia huitwa Tetun Prasa, ndiyo lingua franka kuu ya taifa na msingi wa Kitetum Rasmi; karne nyingi za mawasiliano zimeipa msamiati mwingi wa Kireno. Tetun Terik inajumuisha lahaja za kikanda zilizo na uhafidhina zaidi na huhifadhi sifa za kisarufi zilizopungua au kupotea katika Tetun Dili. Kitetum kwa kawaida hufuata mpangilio kiima–kitenzi–yambwa na kwa kiasi kikubwa ni lugha changanuzi, kikieleza mahusiano mengi ya kisarufi kwa mpangilio wa maneno, chembe na maneno ya kisarufi badala ya unyambulishaji mpana; viwakilishi vyake hutofautisha nafsi ya kwanza wingi jumuishi na isiyojumuisha. Amri ya Serikali 1/2004 iliidhinisha Othografia Sanifu ya Kitetum Rasmi inayotegemea Kilatini, iliyotayarishwa na Taasisi ya Taifa ya Isimu kwa matumizi katika utawala wa serikali, elimu na mawasiliano ya umma.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kitetum
Maji
bee
/beː/
Moto
ahi
/ahi/
Jua
loron
/loɾon/
Mwezi
fulan
/fulan/
Nyota
fitun
/ˈfitun/
Mama
inan
/inan/
Baba
aman
/aman/
Mimi
ha'u
/haʔu/
Wewe
ó
/ɔ/
Jina
naran
/ˈnaran/
Jicho
matan
/matan/
Mkono
liman
/liman/
Moyo
fuan
/fuan/
Upendo
domin
/domin/
Mti
ai
/ai/
Nyumba
uma
/uma/
Mbwa
asu
/asu/
Paka
busa
/busa/
Kula
han
/han/
Kunywa
hemu
/hemu/
Moja
ida
/ida/
Mbili
rua
/ˈrua/
Habari
bondia
/bondia/
Asante
obrigadu
/obɾiɡadu/
Nzuri
di'ak
/diʔak/
Kompyuta
komputadór
/komputaˈdoɾ/
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Austronesian (Central Malayo-Polynesian) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kitetum | Atoni | Kimaranao | Kicia-Cia | Kimotu | Kibatak cha Angkola | Proto-Austronesia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | bee /beː/ | oe /oe/ | ig /iɡ/ | we'e /weʔe/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | aek /aek/ | *daNum /daNum/ |
| Moto | ahi /ahi/ | ai /ai/ | apoy /apoj/ | api /api/ | lahi /lahi/ | api /api/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ |
| Jua | loron /loɾon/ | manas /manas/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | holeo /holeo/ | dina /dina/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | *waRi /waRi/ |
| Mwezi | fulan /fulan/ | fun /fun/ | bolan /bolan/ | wula /wula/ | hua /hua/ | bulan /bulan/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ |
| Nyota | fitun /ˈfitun/ | kfu /kfuʔ/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ | wicuko /witʃuko/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ |
| Mama | inan /inan/ | ainaf /ainaf/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | sinana /sinana/ | inang /inaŋ/ | *ina /ina/ |
| Baba | aman /aman/ | amat /amat/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | tamana /tamana/ | amang /amaŋ/ | *ama /ama/ |
| Mimi | ha'u /haʔu/ | au /au/ | ako /ako/ | indau /indau/ | lau /lau/ | au /au/ | *aku /aku/ |
| Wewe | ó /ɔ/ | ho /ho/ | seka /sɵka/ | iso'o /isoʔo/ | oi /oi/ | ho /ho/ | *iSu /iSu/ |
| Jina | naran /ˈnaran/ | kanan /ˈkanan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngea /ŋea/ | ladana /ladana/ | goar /goar/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ |
| Jicho | matan /matan/ | matan /matan/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ |
| Mkono | liman /liman/ | ʼniman /ʔniman/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ima /ima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | *lima /lima/ |
| Moyo | fuan /fuan/ | nesa /nesa/ | pusoʔ /pusoʔ/ | lalo /lalo/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | roha /roha/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ |
| Upendo | domin /domin/ | nekat /nekat/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | pe'elu /peʔelu/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | holong /holoŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | ai /ai/ | hau /hau/ | kayo /kajo/ | sau /sau/ | au /au/ | hayu /haju/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ |
| Nyumba | uma /uma/ | ume /ume/ | walay /walaj/ | ka'ana /kaʔana/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | bagas /baɡas/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ |
| Mbwa | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | aso /aso/ | au /au/ | sisia /sisia/ | asu /asu/ | *asu /asu/ |
| Paka | busa /busa/ | mose /mose/ | pusa /pusa/ | mbuta /mbuta/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | han /han/ | ah /ah/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ma'a /maʔa/ | aniani /aniani/ | mangan /maŋan/ | *kaen /kaen/ |
| Kunywa | hemu /hemu/ | ninu /ninu/ | minom /minom/ | poroku /poroku/ | inuinu /inuinu/ | minum /minum/ | *inum /inum/ |
| Moja | ida /ida/ | mese /mese/ | isa /isa/ | ise /ise/ | ta /ta/ | sada /sada/ | *isa /isa/ |
| Mbili | rua /ˈrua/ | nua /ˈnua/ | dowa /dowa/ | rua /rua/ | rua /rua/ | dua /dua/ | *duSa /duSa/ |
| Habari | bondia /bondia/ | neut /neut/ | kapian /kapijan/ | Assalamu'alaikum /asalamu ʔalaikum/ | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | horas /horas/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | obrigadu /obɾiɡadu/ | neno biluk /neno biluk/ | salamat /salamat/ | tarima kasi /tarima kasi/ | oi namo /oi namo/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | di'ak /diʔak/ | malaek /malaek/ | mapia /mapija/ | umela /umela/ | namo /namo/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | — /—/ |
| Kompyuta | komputadór /komputaˈdoɾ/ | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | — |
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