高麗時代韓國語
Kikorea cha Goryeo
Koreanic · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Goryeo Korean (고려어, ~918-1392) is the Early Middle Korean stage spoken during the Goryeo dynasty, transitional between Old Korean of unified Silla and the Late Middle Korean of the post-Hangul early Joseon. Pre-dating Hangul (1446), it was written by adapting Chinese characters via three systems: hyangchal (향찰, semantic + phonetic logographic mixing), idu (이두, Sinitic syntax with Korean grammatical particles spelled in Hanja), and gugyeol (구결, glossing aids for reading Classical Chinese). Primary linguistic corpus is the 鶏林類事 (Gyerim Yusa, 1103) by Sun Mu (孫穆), a Chinese-Korean glossary of ~350 words transcribed in Chinese characters. Goryeo also produced the Jikji 直指 (1377), the world's oldest surviving book printed with movable metal type — a Buddhist Seon canon predating Gutenberg by 78 years and inscribed in UNESCO Memory of the World 2001. Reconstruction follows Lee Ki-Moon (2003), Sasse (1976), and Sohn (1999).
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kikorea cha Goryeo
Maji
沒
/*mwol/
Moto
孛
/*pwol/
Jua
姮
/*hai/
Mwezi
突
/*twol/
Mama
—
/—/
Baba
—
/—/
Kula
—
/—/
Kunywa
—
/—/
Upendo
—
/—/
Moyo
—
/—/
Mti
南記
/*namki/
Nyumba
集
/*tɕip/
Mbwa
家稀
/*kahi/
Paka
—
/—/
Mkono
遜
/*swon/
Jicho
嫩
/*nwun/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Moja
河屯
/*hatwun/
Nzuri
—
/—/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Koreanic zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kikorea cha Goryeo | Kiiberia | Kigoguryeo | Lugha ya Ishara ya Nikaragua | Kidamin | Kitartessian | Kiliburnia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | 沒 /*mwol/ | — /—/ | 買 /*mai/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moto | 孛 /*pwol/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | l!ii /lǃiː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jua | 姮 /*hai/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | 突 /*twol/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mama | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Baba | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | 南記 /*namki/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nyumba | 集 /*tɕip/ | iltiŕ /iltir̥/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | 家稀 /*kahi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | 遜 /*swon/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jicho | 嫩 /*nwun/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moja | 河屯 /*hatwun/ | ban /ban/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.