Dëne Sųłıné
Kichipewyan
Na-Dené
Kichipewyan (jina la asili Dëne Sųłıné, "watu wa tambarare za miti ya mierebi") ni lugha ya Kiathabaska ya Kaskazini katika familia ya Na-Dene, inayozungumzwa na watu wapatao 12,000 kaskazini mwa Saskatchewan, katika Maeneo ya Kaskazini-Magharibi, kaskazini mwa Alberta, na kaskazini mwa Manitoba nchini Kanada. Wachipewyan ndio walio mashariki kabisa kati ya makabila makubwa ya Kiathabaska ya Kaskazini, wakiwa wameishi kwa jadi katika eneo la mpito kati ya msitu wa boreali na tundra ya Kanada ya subarktiki. Kiisimu, Kichipewyan ni maarufu kwa mfumo wake tata wa toni, konsonanti zake za kutoa (ejective), na mofolojia tata ya vitenzi inayozitambulisha lugha zote za Kiathabaska — kitenzi kimoja cha Kichipewyan kinaweza kubeba taarifa kuhusu mtenda, mtendwa, hali (mode), kipengele (aspect), sauti (voice), kiainishi, dhamira, na mwelekeo katika neno moja. Familia ya Kiathabaska inanyooka kutoka Kichipewyan katika eneo la subarktiki la boreali la Kanada hadi Kinavajo (nv) na lugha za Kiapache za kusini-magharibi mwa Marekani, jambo linaloashiria uhamiaji wa Waathabaska kutoka kaskazini hadi kusini mwa Amerika ya Kaskazini katika kipindi cha miaka 1,000–2,000 iliyopita.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kichipewyan
Maji
tu
/tu/
Moto
kʼón
/kʼón/
Jua
sa
/sa/
Mwezi
hadelyi
/haðeli/
Nyota
thën
/θən/
Mama
ená
/ena/
Baba
etá
/eta/
Mimi
si
/si/
Wewe
nen
/nɛn/
Jina
-zí
/zí/
Jicho
índa
/inda/
Mkono
ela
/ela/
Moyo
eθey
/eθej/
Upendo
hı́́la
/hila/
Mti
tθʼen
/tθʼen/
Nyumba
kǫ́é
/kɔ̃e/
Mbwa
łı́
/ɬi/
Paka
nábaye
/nabaje/
Kula
ɂıłtsu
/ʔiɬtsu/
Kunywa
ɂıdla
/ʔidla/
Moja
ɂıłąɣe
/ʔiɬɔ̃ɣe/
Mbili
nàke
/naɡe/
Habari
edlanetʼè
/eðlanetʼe/
Asante
mahsi cho
/mahsi tʃo/
Nzuri
nezų
/nezũ/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Na-Dené zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kichipewyan | Kicarrier | Kikoyukon | Kiapache cha Magharibi | Kihupa | Mongghul | Kihadza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | too /toː/ | tu /tu/ | xaŋ /xɑŋ/ | usu /usu/ | ʼati /ʔati/ |
| Moto | kʼón /kʼón/ | kwen /kʷen/ | konh /konh/ | kǫʼ /kṍʔ/ | xoŋ’ /xoŋʔ/ | ghal /ʁal/ | ʼimi /ʔimi/ |
| Jua | sa /sa/ | sa /sa/ | so /so/ | shándaʼá /ʃándaːʔá/ | hwa /hwa/ | nara /nara/ | ʼisha /ʔiʃa/ |
| Mwezi | hadelyi /haðeli/ | sa-tlhaeh /sa tɬaeh/ | oolts'enh /ooltsʼenh/ | tłʼéʼsanaaʼái /tɬʔeʔsanaːʔai/ | hwa-ʼaŋʼ /hwaʔɑŋʔ/ | sara /sara/ | heto /heto/ |
| Nyota | thën /θən/ | sun /sən/ | so /sɔ/ | sǫʼs /sṍːs/ | sʼeʔ /sʼeʔ/ | hodi /xoˈdi/ | ntsa /ⁿtsʰa/ |
| Mama | ená /ena/ | oo /oː/ | enaa /enaː/ | shimá /ʃima/ | -an’ /-anʔ/ | ana /ana/ | ama /ama/ |
| Baba | etá /eta/ | abe /abe/ | etaa /etaː/ | shitaa /ʃitaː/ | -ta’ /-taʔ/ | ada /ada/ | aba /aba/ |
| Mimi | si /si/ | si /si/ | see /siː/ | shí /ʃí/ | whe /hʷe/ | bu /bu/ | ono /ono/ |
| Wewe | nen /nɛn/ | nen /nen/ | nee /niː/ | ni /ní/ | niŋ /nɪŋ/ | chi /tɕi/ | the /tʰe/ |
| Jina | -zí /zí/ | uzi /uzi/ | -zaakkʼeʼ /zàːkʼeʔ/ | -zhiʼ /ʒìʔ/ | -ooziʔ /oːzɪʔ/ | nere /nərə/ | akhana /ʔakʰana/ |
| Jicho | índa /inda/ | ʼunaq /ʔunaq/ | nełtonh /neɬtonh/ | nadáá /nadaː/ | -na:ʼ /-nɑːʔ/ | nidu /nidu/ | ʼaha /ʔaha/ |
| Mkono | ela /ela/ | la /la/ | ela /ela/ | shílaʼ /ʃilaʔ/ | -laʼ /-laʔ/ | ghar /ʁar/ | kwaʼla /kʷaʔla/ |
| Moyo | eθey /eθej/ | ʼunjid /ʔundʒid/ | -dzaaya' /tsæːjəʔ/ | bíjéí /bidʒeː/ | -piŋ /-piŋ/ | jürige /dʒyriɡe/ | ʼaitchi /ʔaitʃi/ |
| Upendo | hı́́la /hila/ | sjut /sdʒut/ | k'oonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ | ayóigóʼíí /ʔajoiɣoʔiː/ | na-wh-ʼisht’e’n /nɑwʔɪʃtʼɛʔn/ | durala- /durala/ | ʼuwakitchi /ʔuwakitʃi/ |
| Mti | tθʼen /tθʼen/ | dechen /detʃen/ | k'eyh /kʼejh/ | tsin /tsin/ | kin /kɪn/ | modu /modu/ | ʼani /ʔani/ |
| Nyumba | kǫ́é /kɔ̃e/ | yoh /joh/ | kkun /kːun/ | kį /kĩ/ | xontah /xontɑh/ | ger /ɡer/ | ndolo /ndolo/ |
| Mbwa | łı́ /ɬi/ | łi /ɬi/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ | łį́į́ʼ /ɬĩːʔ/ | ɬi:n /ɬiːn/ | noghui /noʁui/ | kongwesi /koŋɡwesi/ |
| Paka | nábaye /nabaje/ | gus /ɡus/ | dotonh /dotonh/ | mósí /mosi/ | — /—/ | mau /mau/ | ʼmiu /ʔmiu/ |
| Kula | ɂıłtsu /ʔiɬtsu/ | ʼoonjuh /ʔoːndʒuh/ | ghen /ɣen/ | yiyąʼ /jijãʔ/ | na-ya:n /nɑjɑːn/ | idi- /idi/ | ʼicha /ʔitʃa/ |
| Kunywa | ɂıdla /ʔidla/ | dunjuh /dundʒuh/ | don /don/ | yidlą /jidlãˀ/ | na-ʼa:n /nɑʔɑːn/ | uu- /uː/ | ʼo /ʔoː/ |
| Moja | ɂıłąɣe /ʔiɬɔ̃ɣe/ | ʼulhah /ʔuɬah/ | łeek'eyh /ɬeːkʼejh/ | dááłeʼ /daːɬeʔ/ | ɬaʼ /ɬaʔ/ | nige /niɡe/ | ihtche /ihtʃe/ |
| Mbili | nàke /naɡe/ | nanki /nanki/ | netaakkʼa /netàːkʼʌ/ | naaki /naːki/ | nahx /naːx/ | ghoor /ʁoːr/ | piye /pije/ |
| Habari | edlanetʼè /eðlanetʼe/ | ʼahdoozaee /ʔahdoːzaː/ | enaa basee' /enaː baseːʔ/ | dahgotʼe /dahɡotʔe/ | ts’ehdiya’ /tsʼɛhdɪjaʔ/ | amur sain /amur sain/ | ʼmtana /ʔmtana/ |
| Asante | mahsi cho /mahsi tʃo/ | snachailya /snatʃailja/ | baasee' /baːseːʔ/ | ahéheʼe /ʔaheːheʔe/ | na:nehs-ʼe:n /nɑːnɛhsʔɛːn/ | bayarla- /bajarla/ | ʼmbweko /ʔmbweko/ |
| Nzuri | nezų /nezũ/ | nezuʼ /nezuʔ/ | nezoonh /nezoːnh/ | nzhǫǫ /nʒõː/ | niwhoŋ /nɪwhoŋ/ | sain /sain/ | ʼiyaʼe /ʔijaʔe/ |
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