Batsʼil kʼop
Tzeltal
Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan)
Tzeltal (Bats'il kʼop, "true language") is a Mayan language of the Tseltalan branch, spoken in highland Chiapas, Mexico, with ~600K speakers — sister to Tzotzil within the Tseltalan branch. The largest Mayan language by L1 speakers in Mexico after Yucatec Maya. The Tzeltal Maya are concentrated in the Los Altos region (San Cristóbal de las Casas area), with notable communities in Oxchuc, Tenejapa, Bachajón, and other towns. Each town has its own variety. Recognized as a national language of Mexico (2003 law). Has the typical Mayan ergative-absolutive case system, person markers, and rich verbal aspect morphology. Latin orthography uses apostrophe for ejectives.
Tempat dituturkan
20 kata inti dalam Tzeltal
Air
jaʼ
/xaʔ/
Api
kʼaal
/kʼaːl/
Matahari
kʼajkʼal
/kʼaxkʼal/
Bulan
u
/u/
Ibu
meʼ
/meʔ/
Ayah
tat
/tat/
Makan
weʼel
/weʔel/
Minum
uchʼel
/utʃʼel/
Cinta
kʼanbey
/kʼanbej/
Hati
oʼtan
/oʔtan/
Pohon
teʼ
/teʔ/
Rumah
na
/na/
Anjing
tsʼiʼ
/tsʼiʔ/
Kucing
mis
/mis/
Tangan
kʼab
/kʼab/
Mata
sit
/sit/
Halo
banti winik
/banti winik/
Terima kasih
wokol awal
/wokol awal/
Satu
jun
/xun/
Baik
lek
/lek/
Sumber
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa Mayan (Cholan-Tseltalan) terkait
| Arti | Tzeltal | bahasa Tzotzil | Bahasa Tojolabal | Bahasa Chontal Tabasco | Bahasa Chol | Bahasa Q'anjob'al | Bahasa Itzá Maya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Api | kʼaal /kʼaːl/ | kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ |
| Matahari | kʼajkʼal /kʼaxkʼal/ | kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼajn /kʼahn/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ | kʼin /kʼin/ |
| Bulan | u /u/ | u /u/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | ä /æ/ | uw /uw/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uj /uh/ |
| Ibu | meʼ /meʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | mim /mim/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Ayah | tat /tat/ | tot /tot/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ |
| Makan | weʼel /weʔel/ | veʼel /veʔel/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | lo /lo/ | jant /hant/ |
| Minum | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | ucʼ /utsʼ/ | uku /uku/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ |
| Cinta | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | kʼanel /kʼanel/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | kʼamʼ /kʼamʔ/ | yakunti /jakunti/ |
| Hati | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | oʼon /oʔon/ | alma /alma/ | pixan /piʃan/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ |
| Pohon | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Rumah | na /na/ | na /na/ | naj /nah/ | otot /otot/ | otyot /otjot/ | na /na/ | nah /nah/ |
| Anjing | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ |
| Kucing | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ |
| Tangan | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼob /kʼob/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼä /kʼæ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ |
| Mata | sit /sit/ | sat /sat/ | satej /sateh/ | wich /witʃ/ | wut /wut/ | sat /sat/ | ich /itʃ/ |
| Halo | banti winik /banti winik/ | kʼusi avokoluk /kʼusi avokoluk/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kawal /kawal/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ |
| Terima kasih | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | kolaval /kolaval/ | yuj /juh/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | wokox /wokoʃ/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ |
| Satu | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ | juñ /huɲ/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Baik | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | utsat /utsat/ | watxʼ /watʃʼ/ | malobʼ /malob/ |
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