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Chavacano (also Chabacano, "broken Spanish") refers to the family of Spanish-based creole varieties of the Philippines, of which Zamboangueño is by far the largest and most vital. Spanish lexical superstrate (~85%) overlays Hiligaynon, Cebuano, and Tagalog grammatical and prosodic substrate, producing distinctive features: SVO order (vs. Philippine VSO/VOS), no Spanish noun-verb agreement, plural marker "manga" (from Tagalog mga), perfective "ya" / future "ay" / progressive "ta" preverbal aspect markers. Chavacano is the only surviving Spanish-based creole in Asia (others — Ternateño, Caviteño — are nearly extinct). Major literary tradition since the 19th century, including newspaper El Tiempo de Zamboanga.