𗼇𗟲

Tangoute

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic) · variété historique / masquée

FamilleSino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic) LocuteursExtinct (~11th-13th c. CE) ÉcritureTangut script (logographic, ~6,000 characters, designed 1036 by Yeli Renrong) PaysWestern Xia Langue officielleWestern Xia (Tangut) Empire (1038-1227 CE) Vitalitéextinct ISO 639-3txg

Tangut (Mi-nia) was the Qiangic Sino-Tibetan language of the Western Xia (Tangut) Empire (1038-1227 CE), which dominated parts of modern Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia and rivaled Song China and the Liao before its destruction by Genghis Khan's Mongol forces. The Tangut script was designed in 1036 by minister Yeli Renrong on imperial commission — a logographic system of ~6,000 characters visually resembling Chinese but constructed on entirely different internal principles. Decipherment, begun by Nikolai Nevsky in the 1930s, advanced significantly with Soviet and Chinese scholarship in the late 20th century; today most Tangut characters and grammar are understood. Major texts include Buddhist sutra translations and the Sea of Characters dictionary.

Où elle est parlée

20 mots essentiels en Tangoute

Eau

𗀚

/tjɨ˧/

Feu

𘎩

/me˧/

Soleil

𘂴

/pjij˧˥/

Lune

𗏯

/lja˧˥/

Mère

𘎒

/ma˧˥/

Père

𗥃

/pa˧/

Manger

𗅋

/dzjij˧˥/

Boire

𘉞

/tʰjij˧˥/

Amour

𗙊

/lhjij˧˥/

Cœur

𘃠

/njij˧˥/

Arbre

𘀇

/sji˧/

Maison

𗩴

/kʰjwa˧˥/

Chien

𗋒

/kʰwjɨ˧/

Chat

𗦷

/mji˧˥/

Main

𘀔

/lje˧/

Œil

𗞴

/mjij˧/

Bonjour

/—/

Merci

/—/

Un

𘈩

/lew˧˥/

Bon

𗏁

/tsji˧/

Sources

Mots comparés

Comparé aux langues Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic) apparentées

Sens TangouteAzhetujiapwo karennaxilhomiTibétain
Eau 𗀚 /tjɨ˧/ ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ zi /t͡sɨ˥˧/ ထံ /tʰi˧/ gee /ɡɯ˧/ ཆུ་ /tɕʰu˥/ ཆུ /t͡ɕʰu˥/
Feu 𘎩 /me˧/ mi /mi˧˧/ mi /mi˥˧/ မ့ၣ် /me˨˩/ mee /mɯ˧/ མེ་ /me˥/ མེ /me˩˧/
Soleil 𘂴 /pjij˧˥/ ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ ni /ni˧˥/ မုန် /mu˧/ ny-mei /nĩ˧mi˧/ ཉི་མ་ /ɲi˥ma˩/ ཉི་མ /ɲima˩˧/
Lune 𗏯 /lja˧˥/ ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ nie /nie˧˥/ လး /la˧/ he-mei /hɯ˧mi˧/ ཟླ་བ་ /dawa˩/ ཟླ་བ /tawa˩˧/
Mère 𘎒 /ma˧˥/ amo /amo˧˧/ a-mie /a˧mie˧/ မိ /mu˧˥/ mei /mei˧/ ཨ་མ་ /ʔama˩/ ཨ་མ /ama˥/
Père 𗥃 /pa˧/ ada /ada˧˧/ a-pa /a˧pa˧/ ဖါ /pa˧/ av /a˧/ ཨ་པ་ /ʔapa˩/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa˥/
Manger 𗅋 /dzjij˧˥/ dza /dza˧˧/ za /t͡sa˨˩/ အၢင် /ai˧˩/ zo /d͡zo˧/ ཟ་ /sa˩/ /sa˩˧/
Boire 𘉞 /tʰjij˧˥/ du /du˧˧/ da /ta˧/ အူ /ɔ˧/ chil /t͡ʂʰi˥/ འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ˩/ འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ˥/
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Lectures han comparées

Comparé aux langues Sino-Tibetan > Qiangic apparentées

Caractère Tangoutebai (central)Mandarin de ChongqingOld Xiang (Shuangfeng)moyen coréendounganMandarin du Sichuan
lew1 /lew˩/ it6 /ʔit̚˨˨˨/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/ i /i˨˦/ ·qilq /ʔilʔ˥/ yi¹ /ji˦/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/
nyy2 /ɲɨː˨/ nox3 /no˨˩˦/ er²¹⁴ /ɚ˨˩˦/ er /ɚ˨˩/ ·zi /zi˥/ er³ /ɚ˥˩/ er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/
soo2 /soː˨/ sae1 /sæ˥/ san⁵⁵ /san˥˥/ san /san˧˧/ sam /sam˩/ san¹ /san˦/ san⁵⁵ /san˥˥/
lier2 /liər˨/ sv4 /sɿ˨˩/ si²¹⁴ /sɿ˨˩˦/ si /sɿ˦˥/ ·sʌ /sʌ˥/ sy³ /sɨ˥˩/ si²¹³ /sɿ˨˩˧/
ngwu1 /ŋwu˩/ ngux3 /ŋu˨˩˦/ wu⁴² /u˦˨/ u /u˦˩/ :ngwo /ŋo˩˥/ /u˨˦/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/
chhiw2 /tɕʰiw˨/ lox6 /lo˨˨˨/ liu²¹ /liəu˨˩/ leu /ləu˨˦/ ·lyuk /ljuk̚˥/ lyu³ /lju˥˩/ neu²¹ /nəu˨˩/
shja1 /ɕja˩/ chi1 /tɕʰi˦˦/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/ qi /tɕʰi˨˦/ ·chilq /tsʰilʔ˥/ chi¹ /tɕʰi˦/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/
ghjar2 /ɣjar˨/ be2 /pe˧˥/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/ pa /pa˨˦/ ·palq /palʔ˥/ ba¹ /pa˦/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/
ghew2 /ɣew˨/ jiux3 /tɕiu˨˩˦/ jiu⁴² /tɕiəu˦˨/ jieu /tɕiəu˦˩/ :kwu /ku˩˥/ jyu² /tɕju˨˦/ jiu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/
gha2 /ɣa˨/ cix6 /tsʰɿ˨˨˨/ si²¹ /sɿ˨˩/ zhi /ʑɿ˨˦/ ·ssip /s͈ip̚˥/ shy² /ʂɨ˨˦/ si²¹ /sɿ˨˩/
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Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.