isiZulu

Zulu

Bantu (Nguni)

FamilyBantu (Nguni) Speakers~28M ScriptLatin CountriesSouth Africa Official inSouth Africa Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3zul

Zulu (isiZulu) is South Africa's most widely spoken home language, with ~12M L1 + ~16M L2 (~28M total). It is a Southern Bantu Nguni language, closely related to Xhosa, Swati, and Northern Ndebele — together these form a dialect continuum across southern Africa. Phonologically distinctive for its 3 click consonant series (ǀ dental, ǁ lateral, ǃ alveolar) borrowed from Khoisan substrate during the Mfecane migrations of the 19th century. Has 17 noun classes with concordial agreement throughout the verb and modifier system; high tone-stress correlation makes word boundaries audibly clear. Lobola (bridewealth) and Ubuntu philosophy shape much of the cultural lexicon.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Zulu

Water

amanzi

/amanzi/

Fire

umlilo

/umlilo/

Sun

ilanga

/ilaŋɡa/

Moon

inyanga

/iɲaŋɡa/

Mother

umama

/umama/

Father

ubaba

/uɓaɓa/

Eat

ukudla

/ukuɮa/

Drink

ukuphuza

/ukupʰuza/

Love

uthando

/utʰando/

Heart

inhliziyo

/inɬizijo/

Tree

isihlahla

/isiɬaɬa/

House

indlu

/indɮu/

Dog

inja

/indʒa/

Cat

ikati

/ikati/

Hand

isandla

/isandɮa/

Eye

iso

/iso/

Hello

sawubona

/sawuɓona/

Thank you

ngiyabonga

/ŋɡijaɓoŋɡa/

One

kunye

/kuɲe/

Good

kuhle

/kuɬe/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Bantu (Nguni) languages

Meaning ZuluNorthern NdebeleSwaziSouthern NdebeleXhosaTsongaKirundi
Water amanzi /amanzi/ amanzi /amanzi/ emanti /emanti/ amanzi /amanzi/ amanzi /amaːnzi/ mati /mati/ amazi /amaːzi/
Fire umlilo /umlilo/ umlilo /umlilo/ umlilo /umlilo/ umlilo /umlilo/ umlilo /umlilo/ ndzilo /ndzilo/ umuriro /umuɾiɾo/
Sun ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ lilanga /lilaŋɡa/ ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/ dyambu /dʒambu/ izuba /izuba/
Moon inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/ n'weti /ŋweti/ ukwezi /ukwezi/
Mother umama /umama/ umama /umama/ make /make/ umma /umma/ umama /umaːma/ manana /manana/ mama /maːma/
Father ubaba /uɓaɓa/ ubaba /uɓaɓa/ babe /ɓaɓe/ ubaba /uɓaɓa/ utata /utaːta/ tatana /tatana/ data /data/
Eat ukudla /ukuɮa/ ukudla /ukuɮa/ kudla /kuɮa/ ukudla /ukuɮa/ ukutya /ukutʲa/ ku dya /ku dʒa/ kurya /kuɾja/
Drink ukuphuza /ukupʰuza/ ukunatha /ukunatʰa/ kunatsa /kunatsa/ ukusela /ukusela/ ukusela /ukusɛla/ ku nwa /ku nwa/ kunywa /kuɲwa/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Zulu
Ngifuna ukuzama isudi engayibona esitolo esibhekene ne hotela
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Ndifuna ukulinga isuti endayibona evenkileni ekhangelene ne hotele
Zulu
Ngifuna ukuzama isudi engayibona esitolo esibhekene ne hotela
Ndikufuna kuyesa suti yomwe ndinaiona m' shopu moyangʼanira hotelo
Ndashaka gupima ikositimu nabonye mu iduka imbere ya hoteli
Ndinoda kupfeka suti yandakaona muchitoro iri pakatarisana ne hoteru

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