chiShona
Shona
Bantu
Shona (chiShona) is the most widely spoken Bantu language of Zimbabwe and one of the country's official languages, with significant communities in Mozambique, Zambia, and Botswana — total speakers around 11 million. Sister to Ndau, Manyika, Karanga, Zezuru, and Korekore varieties (sometimes treated as separate languages). Has a rich tradition of stone sculpture (the Great Zimbabwe ruins are a Shona civilization heritage site), mbira music, and oral literature including praise poetry (madetembedzo). Latin script; tone is phonemic but not marked in standard orthography.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Shona
Water
mvura
/mvuɾa/
Fire
moto
/moto/
Sun
zuva
/zuva/
Moon
mwedzi
/mwedzi/
Mother
amai
/amai/
Father
baba
/baba/
Eat
kudya
/kudja/
Drink
kunwa
/kunwa/
Love
rudo
/ɾudo/
Heart
mwoyo
/mwojo/
Tree
muti
/muti/
House
imba
/imba/
Dog
imbwa
/imbwa/
Cat
katsi
/katsi/
Hand
ruoko
/ɾwoko/
Eye
ziso
/ziso/
Hello
mhoro
/mhoɾo/
Thank you
maita
/maita/
One
potsi
/potsi/
Good
chakanaka
/tʃakanaka/
Words compared
Compared with related Bantu languages
| Meaning | Shona | Manyika | Ndau | Sena | Shambala | Makonde | Sangu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | mazi /mazi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | ameenzi /ameːnzi/ |
| Fire | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | umoto /umoto/ |
| Sun | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | lyuva /ʎuβa/ | liluga /liluɡa/ |
| Moon | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | umwesi /umwesi/ |
| Mother | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ |
| Eat | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kuya /kuja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| Drink | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Love | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | kwenda /kwenda/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | ulungu /uluŋɡu/ |
| Heart | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mtima /mtima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mtima /mtima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Tree | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | umuti /umuti/ |
| House | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | inyumba /iɲumba/ |
| Dog | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbga /imbɡa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Cat | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Hand | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | chanza /tʃanza/ | nkono /nkono/ | ukono /ukono/ | nkono /nkono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ |
| Eye | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | diso /diso/ | izo /izo/ | liso /liso/ | iliho /iliho/ |
| Hello | mhoro /mhoɾo/ | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoroi /mhoɾoji/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | mbasala /mbasala/ |
| Thank you | maita /maita/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | asante /asante/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | nashukulu /naʃukulu/ |
| One | potsi /potsi/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | posi /posi/ | imo /imo/ | nimo /nimo/ | imo /imo/ |
| Good | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | hedi /hedi/ | shibwana /ʃibwana/ | kwifwa /kwifwa/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
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