Skuda

Scythian

Indo-European (Iranian, Eastern, Scythian) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Iranian, Eastern, Scythian) SpeakersExtinct (~7c. BCE - 4c. CE) ScriptNo native script; preserved through Greek transcriptions CountriesPontic-Caspian steppe Official inScythian and Sarmatian confederations Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xsc

Scythian was the Eastern Iranian language of the Scythians (Skuda), Sarmatians, Massagetae and related steppe nomads who dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe from the 7th century BCE to the 4th century CE. Its corpus is fragmentary, consisting mostly of personal and place names recorded by Herodotus, Ptolemy and other Greek-Roman authors plus Scythian-origin loanwords in surrounding languages. No native script existed; many entries here are necessarily Iranian-cognate proxies. The modern Ossetian language (oss) of the Caucasus is the only living descendant. Scythian funerary culture (kurgans) is famous for the Pazyryk burials with their preserved tattooed mummies and gold animal-style art.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Scythian

Water

ap

/ap/

Fire

ātar

/aːtar/

Sun

hvar

/xʷar/

Moon

māh

/maːh/

Mother

mātar

/maːtar/

Father

pitar

/pitar/

Eat

xwartan

/xʷartan/

Drink

/—/

Love

/—/

Heart

zard-

/zard/

Tree

/—/

House

/—/

Dog

spaka

/spaka/

Cat

/—/

Hand

zasta

/zasta/

Eye

čašm

/tʃaʃm/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

One

aiwa

/aiwa/

Good

vohu

/wohu/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Iranian, Eastern, Scythian) languages

Meaning ScythianOld PersianAvestanSogdianPhrygianParthianUmbrian
Water ap /ap/ 𐎠𐎱 /aːpi/ 𐬁𐬞 /aːp/ ʾāp /aːp/ /—/ āb /aːb/ utur /ˈu.tur/
Fire ātar /aːtar/ 𐎠𐎫𐎼 /aːtar/ 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 /aːtar/ ʾātar /aːtar/ /—/ ādar /aːdar/ pir /pir/
Sun hvar /xʷar/ 𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎼 /huwar/ 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 /huwarə/ xwr /xwar/ /—/ xwar /xwar/ /—/
Moon māh /maːh/ 𐎶𐎠𐏃 /maːha/ 𐬨𐬁𐬵 /maːh/ mʾx /maːx/ masê /maˈseː/ māh /maːh/ /—/
Mother mātar /maːtar/ 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎼 /maːtar/ 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 /maːtar/ mʾtr /maːtar/ mater /ˈmater/ mād /maːd/ matrer /ˈma.trer/
Father pitar /pitar/ 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 /pitaː/ 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 /pitar/ ptr /pitar/ atas /aˈtas/ pid /pid/ patre /ˈpa.tre/
Eat xwartan /xʷartan/ 𐎧𐎼 /xar/ 𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬭 /xwar/ xwartan /xwartan/ /—/ xward- /xward/ /—/
Drink /—/ 𐎱𐎠 /paː/ 𐬞𐬁 /paː/ pi- /pi/ /—/ pī- /piː/ /—/
Page 1/3

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.