Tolışi

Talysh

Indo-European (Iranian, Northwestern)

FamilyIndo-European (Iranian, Northwestern) Speakers~900K ScriptLatin, Cyrillic, Perso-Arabic CountriesAzerbaijan, Iran (Gilan) Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tly

Talysh (Tolışi) is a Northwestern Iranian language of the southwestern Caspian Sea coast, with ~900K speakers in southern Azerbaijan (Lankaran, Astara, Lerik, Masally) and the Iranian Caspian provinces (Gilan, Ardabil). Related to Tati and the historical Median language; preserves several archaic Iranian features lost in Persian. Three main dialect groups: Northern (Azerbaijan), Central, and Southern (Iran). In Azerbaijan, Talysh is recognized as a minority language and uses a Latin alphabet (also historically Cyrillic during Soviet times). In Iran it uses Perso-Arabic script. The Talysh Khanate (1747–1828) was an independent state before the Russian conquest.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Talysh

Water

ov

/ov/

Fire

otəş

/otəʃ/

Sun

rüj

/ɾyʒ/

Moon

ümüj

/ymyʒ/

Star

əstovə

/əstovə/

Mother

muə

/muə/

Father

pıə

/pɯə/

I

az

/az/

You

/tɨ/

Name

nom

/nom/

Eye

çəş

/tʃəʃ/

Hand

dast

/dast/

Heart

zırə

/zɯɾə/

Love

hışt

/hɯʃt/

Tree

dor

/doɾ/

House

ka

/ka/

Dog

səg

/səɡ/

Cat

pışi

/pɯʃi/

Eat

hardə

/haɾdə/

Drink

peşomə

/peʃomə/

One

i

/i/

Two

/dɨ/

Hello

xəyrli ruj

/xəjɾli ɾuʒ/

Thank you

minnətdar

/minnətdaɾ/

Good

çoki

/tʃoki/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Iranian, Northwestern) languages

Meaning TalyshTajikDariMazandaraniLurishPashtoGilaki
Water ov /ov/ об /ob/ آب /ɑːb/ آو /ɒːv/ او /ɒw/ اوبه /obə/ او /ɒw/
Fire otəş /otəʃ/ оташ /otaʃ/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ تش /tæʃ/ تش /tæʃ/ اور /oːɾ/ تش /tæʃ/
Sun rüj /ɾyʒ/ офтоб /oftob/ خورشید /xoɾʃed/ آفتاب /ɒːftɒːb/ هور /hor/ لمر /lmər/ آفتاب /ɒːftɒːb/
Moon ümüj /ymyʒ/ моҳ /moh/ ماه /mɑːh/ مونگ /muŋɡ/ مانگ /mɒːŋɡ/ سپوږمۍ /spoːʐmaj/ ماه /mɒːh/
Star əstovə /əstovə/ ситора /sitoːra/ ستاره /setaːˈɾa/ اساره /esːɑːˈɾe/ ستاره /esˈtɑːɾe/ ستوری /storaj/ ستاره /setɑːˈɾe/
Mother muə /muə/ модар /modar/ مادر /mɑːdaɾ/ مار /mɒːɾ/ دا /dɒː/ مور /moːɾ/ ماری /mɒːɾi/
Father pıə /pɯə/ падар /padar/ پدر /padaɾ/ پئر /pæʔɾ/ بُوَا /buwɒː/ پلار /plɑːɾ/ پر /pær/
I az /az/ ман /man/ من /man/ من /men/ مه /me/ زه /zə/ من /mən/
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