Tolışi

Talysh

Indo-European (Iranian, Northwestern)

FamilyIndo-European (Iranian, Northwestern) Speakers~900K ScriptLatin, Cyrillic, Perso-Arabic CountriesAzerbaijan, Iran (Gilan) Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tly

Talysh (Tolışi) is a Northwestern Iranian language of the southwestern Caspian Sea coast, with ~900K speakers in southern Azerbaijan (Lankaran, Astara, Lerik, Masally) and the Iranian Caspian provinces (Gilan, Ardabil). Related to Tati and the historical Median language; preserves several archaic Iranian features lost in Persian. Three main dialect groups: Northern (Azerbaijan), Central, and Southern (Iran). In Azerbaijan, Talysh is recognized as a minority language and uses a Latin alphabet (also historically Cyrillic during Soviet times). In Iran it uses Perso-Arabic script. The Talysh Khanate (1747–1828) was an independent state before the Russian conquest.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Talysh

Water

ov

/ov/

Fire

tasə

/tasə/

Sun

rüj

/ɾyʒ/

Moon

ümüj

/ymyʒ/

Mother

muə

/muə/

Father

pıə

/pɯə/

Eat

hardə

/haɾdə/

Drink

peşomə

/peʃomə/

Love

hışt

/hɯʃt/

Heart

zırə

/zɯɾə/

Tree

dor

/doɾ/

House

ka

/ka/

Dog

səg

/səɡ/

Cat

pışi

/pɯʃi/

Hand

dast

/dast/

Eye

çəş

/tʃəʃ/

Hello

xəyrli ruj

/xəjɾli ɾuʒ/

Thank you

minnətdar

/minnətdaɾ/

One

i

/i/

Good

çoki

/tʃoki/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Iranian, Northwestern) languages

Meaning TalyshDariMazandaraniSouthern KurdishTajikHazaragiGilaki
Water ov /ov/ آب /ɑːb/ آو /ɒːv/ ئاو /ɑːw/ об /ob/ آو /ɑːw/ او /ɒːb/
Fire tasə /tasə/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ تش /tæʃ/ ئاگر /ɑːɡɪɾ/ оташ /otaʃ/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ تش /tæʃ/
Sun rüj /ɾyʒ/ خورشید /xoɾʃed/ آفتاب /ɒːftɒːb/ رۆژ /ɾoʒ/ офтоб /oftob/ آفتو /ɑːftow/ آفتاب /ɒːftɒːb/
Moon ümüj /ymyʒ/ ماه /mɑːh/ مونگ /muŋɡ/ ماهنگ /mɑːhænɡ/ моҳ /moh/ مه /maː/ ماه /mɒːh/
Mother muə /muə/ مادر /mɑːdaɾ/ مار /mɒːɾ/ دالگ /dɑːlɡ/ модар /modar/ آبه /ɑːba/ ماری /mɒːɾi/
Father pıə /pɯə/ پدر /padaɾ/ پئر /pæʔɾ/ باوگ /bɑːwɡ/ падар /padar/ آته /ɑːta/ پر /pær/
Eat hardə /haɾdə/ خوردن /xoɾdan/ خرمسه /xoɾmesæ/ خواردن /xwɑːɾdən/ хӯрдан /xʉːrdan/ خوردو /xoɾdoː/ خوردن /xoɾdæn/
Drink peşomə /peʃomə/ نوشیدن /noʃidan/ خواردن /xwɒːɾdæn/ خواردن /xwɑːɾdən/ нӯшидан /nʉːʃidan/ نوشیدو /noʃidoː/ خوردن /xoɾdæn/
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