Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim
Squamish
Uralic (Saami, Eastern)
Ume Sami (Ubmejesámiengiälla) is a critically endangered Western Sami language traditionally spoken along the Ume River in northern Sweden, with only ~30 fluent speakers remaining. It sits on the dialect continuum between Pite Sami (sje) to the north and Southern Sami (sma) to the south. UNESCO classes it as critically endangered. After decades when no orthography was officially adopted, the Sami Parliament of Sweden formally adopted a Latin orthography for Ume Sami on April 6, 2016 — a major milestone for revitalization. Active reawakening efforts are underway through the Ubmejesámienosko association and Sami language nests for children.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Squamish
Water
stáḵw
/staqʷ/
Fire
sḵwiḵw
/sqʷiqʷ/
Sun
snexwílh
/snexʷiɬ/
Moon
lh7álha
/ɬʔaɬa/
Mother
sma
/sma/
Father
smas
/smas/
Eat
i7iyím
/iʔijim/
Drink
q'emél̕chen
/qʼemʔeɬtʃen/
Love
néxwsa
/nexʷsa/
Heart
stúlich
/stulitʃ/
Tree
stsék'as
/stsekʼas/
House
lám'
/laːmʔ/
Dog
sḵáxwesh
/sqaxʷeʃ/
Cat
pus
/pus/
Hand
chálash
/tʃaːlaʃ/
Eye
kwíkw
/kʷikʷ/
Hello
chen kwenmántumi
/tʃen kʷenmantumi/
Thank you
huy chexw a
/huj tʃexʷ a/
One
nch'a7
/ntʃʼaʔ/
Good
éy
/ej/
Sources
- Ethnologue: sju
- Sammallahti (1998) The Saami Languages: An Introduction
- Sami Parliament of Sweden (2016) Ume Sami orthography decision
Words compared
Compared with related Uralic (Saami, Eastern) languages
| Meaning | Squamish | Central Mam | Mam | Thompson | Samoan | Uspanteko | Hadza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | stáḵw /staqʷ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | séwlkwe /seːwlkʷe/ | vai /vai/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | ʼati /ʔati/ |
| Fire | sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | nlhmín /nɬmin/ | afi /afi/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | ʼimi /ʔimi/ |
| Sun | snexwílh /snexʷiɬ/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼih/ | skwekwsim /skʷekʷsim/ | lā /laː/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | ʼisha /ʔiʃa/ |
| Moon | lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ | xjaaw /ʃhaːw/ | xjaw /ʃaw/ | mésmes /mesmes/ | māsina /maːsina/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | heto /heto/ |
| Mother | sma /sma/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | skíxe /skiχe/ | tinā /tinaː/ | nan /nan/ | ama /ama/ |
| Father | smas /smas/ | mam /mam/ | mam /mam/ | skíxa /skiχa/ | tamā /tamaː/ | tat /tat/ | aba /aba/ |
| Eat | i7iyím /iʔijim/ | waaʼn /waːʔn/ | waan /waːn/ | ʔíqs /ʔiqs/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | ʼicha /ʔitʃa/ |
| Drink | q'emél̕chen /qʼemʔeɬtʃen/ | kʼaaʼn /kʼaːʔn/ | kʼaan /kʼaːn/ | ʔeẃkw /ʔewkʷ/ | inu /inu/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ʼo /ʔoː/ |
| Love | néxwsa /nexʷsa/ | oqʼxen /oqʼʃen/ | oqxan /oqʃan/ | xámeʔs /χameʔs/ | alofa /alofa/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | ʼuwakitchi /ʔuwakitʃi/ |
| Heart | stúlich /stulitʃ/ | anmiʼn /anmiʔn/ | anma /anma/ | sn'éxteʔ /snʔeχteʔ/ | loto /loto/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | ʼaitchi /ʔaitʃi/ |
| Tree | stsék'as /stsekʼas/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | sníxsem /sniχsem/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | ʼani /ʔani/ |
| House | lám' /laːmʔ/ | jaaʼ /haːʔ/ | jaa /haː/ | citxw /tsitxʷ/ | fale /fale/ | jaa /haː/ | ndolo /ndolo/ |
| Dog | sḵáxwesh /sqaxʷeʃ/ | txʼyaan /tʃʼjaːn/ | txʼyan /tʃʼjan/ | sqáxa /sqaχa/ | maile /maile/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | kongwesi /koŋɡwesi/ |
| Cat | pus /pus/ | wiix /wiːʃ/ | wiix /wiːʃ/ | púsh /puʃ/ | pusi /pusi/ | mis /mis/ | ʼmiu /ʔmiu/ |
| Hand | chálash /tʃaːlaʃ/ | qʼobʼ /qʼoɓ/ | qʼobʼ /qʼoɓ/ | sxwép /sxʷep/ | lima /lima/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kwaʼla /kʷaʔla/ |
| Eye | kwíkw /kʷikʷ/ | witz /wits/ | witz /wits/ | spqáqxn /spqaqχn/ | mata /mata/ | wach /watʃ/ | ʼaha /ʔaha/ |
| Hello | chen kwenmántumi /tʃen kʷenmantumi/ | chjonte tey /tʃhonte tej/ | chjonte tey /tʃhonte tej/ | weytk /wejtk/ | talofa /talofa/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | ʼmtana /ʔmtana/ |
| Thank you | huy chexw a /huj tʃexʷ a/ | chjonte /tʃhonte/ | chjonte /tʃhonte/ | kukstéyp /kuksteːjp/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | ʼmbweko /ʔmbweko/ |
| One | nch'a7 /ntʃʼaʔ/ | juun /huːn/ | jun /hun/ | paáls /paʔals/ | tasi /tasi/ | jun /hun/ | ihtche /ihtʃe/ |
| Good | éy /ej/ | baʼnxh /baʔnʃ/ | banix /baniʃ/ | mín /min/ | lelei /lelei/ | utz /uts/ | ʼiyaʼe /ʔijaʔe/ |
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