Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim

Squamish

Uralic (Saami, Eastern)

FamilyUralic (Saami, Eastern) Speakers~30 (severely endangered) ScriptLatin CountriesSweden (Frostviken-Hotagen, Jämtland) Official inSweden (recognized national minority Sami language) Vitalityseverely-endangered ISO 639-3sju

Ume Sami (Ubmejesámiengiälla) is a critically endangered Western Sami language traditionally spoken along the Ume River in northern Sweden, with only ~30 fluent speakers remaining. It sits on the dialect continuum between Pite Sami (sje) to the north and Southern Sami (sma) to the south. UNESCO classes it as critically endangered. After decades when no orthography was officially adopted, the Sami Parliament of Sweden formally adopted a Latin orthography for Ume Sami on April 6, 2016 — a major milestone for revitalization. Active reawakening efforts are underway through the Ubmejesámienosko association and Sami language nests for children.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Squamish

Water

stáḵw

/staqʷ/

Fire

sḵwiḵw

/sqʷiqʷ/

Sun

snexwílh

/snexʷiɬ/

Moon

lh7álha

/ɬʔaɬa/

Mother

sma

/sma/

Father

smas

/smas/

Eat

i7iyím

/iʔijim/

Drink

q'emél̕chen

/qʼemʔeɬtʃen/

Love

néxwsa

/nexʷsa/

Heart

stúlich

/stulitʃ/

Tree

stsék'as

/stsekʼas/

House

lám'

/laːmʔ/

Dog

sḵáxwesh

/sqaxʷeʃ/

Cat

pus

/pus/

Hand

chálash

/tʃaːlaʃ/

Eye

kwíkw

/kʷikʷ/

Hello

chen kwenmántumi

/tʃen kʷenmantumi/

Thank you

huy chexw a

/huj tʃexʷ a/

One

nch'a7

/ntʃʼaʔ/

Good

éy

/ej/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Uralic (Saami, Eastern) languages

Meaning SquamishCentral MamMamThompsonSamoanUspantekoHadza
Water stáḵw /staqʷ/ /aʔ/ /aʔ/ séwlkwe /seːwlkʷe/ vai /vai/ jaʼ /haʔ/ ʼati /ʔati/
Fire sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ nlhmín /nɬmin/ afi /afi/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ ʼimi /ʔimi/
Sun snexwílh /snexʷiɬ/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ qʼij /qʼih/ skwekwsim /skʷekʷsim/ /laː/ qʼiij /qʼiːh/ ʼisha /ʔiʃa/
Moon lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ xjaaw /ʃhaːw/ xjaw /ʃaw/ mésmes /mesmes/ māsina /maːsina/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ heto /heto/
Mother sma /sma/ nan /nan/ nan /nan/ skíxe /skiχe/ tinā /tinaː/ nan /nan/ ama /ama/
Father smas /smas/ mam /mam/ mam /mam/ skíxa /skiχa/ tamā /tamaː/ tat /tat/ aba /aba/
Eat i7iyím /iʔijim/ waaʼn /waːʔn/ waan /waːn/ ʔíqs /ʔiqs/ ʻai /ʔai/ waʼ /waʔ/ ʼicha /ʔitʃa/
Drink q'emél̕chen /qʼemʔeɬtʃen/ kʼaaʼn /kʼaːʔn/ kʼaan /kʼaːn/ ʔeẃkw /ʔewkʷ/ inu /inu/ ukʼ /ukʼ/ ʼo /ʔoː/
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