Nlaka'pamuctsin

Thompson

Salishan

FamilySalishan Speakers~200 fluent + ~500 partial speakers ScriptLatin CountriesCanada Official inNo (English and French are the official languages of Canada) Vitalityseverely endangered ISO 639-3thp

Thompson (Nlaka'pamuctsin, "the language of the Nlaka'pamux") is a Salishan language of the Interior Salish branch, spoken by the Nlaka'pamux people of the Thompson and Fraser canyons in southern British Columbia. The Nlaka'pamux territory is famous for the spectacular Hells Gate, Hope-Princeton, and Lytton geological features. Thompson preserves classical Salishan typological features: ergative-absolutive alignment with split ergativity, complex polypersonal verb morphology, glottalized consonants, and back-velar/uvular consonant series. The Thompson & Thompson 1992 reference grammar is the major modern documentation. Active language revitalization through First Nations Language Authority of BC and the Nlaka'pamux Tribal Council since the 1990s.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Thompson

Water

séwlkwe

/seːwlkʷe/

Fire

nlhmín

/nɬmin/

Sun

skwekwsim

/skʷekʷsim/

Moon

mésmes

/mesmes/

Star

speqʷ

/spəqʷ/

Mother

skíxe

/skiχe/

Father

skíxa

/skiχa/

I

encwe

/ʔəntʃwe/

You

enwi

/ʔənwi/

Name

sna

/sna/

Eye

spqáqxn

/spqaqχn/

Hand

sxwép

/sxʷep/

Heart

sn'éxteʔ

/snʔeχteʔ/

Love

xámeʔs

/χameʔs/

Tree

sníxsem

/sniχsem/

House

citxw

/tsitxʷ/

Dog

sqáxa

/sqaχa/

Cat

púsh

/puʃ/

Eat

ʔíqs

/ʔiqs/

Drink

ʔeẃkw

/ʔewkʷ/

One

paáls

/paʔals/

Two

ʔesél

/ʔesel/

Hello

weytk

/wejtk/

Thank you

kukstéyp

/kuksteːjp/

Good

mín

/min/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Salishan languages

Meaning ThompsonSquamishAtikamekwHadzaYagariaTrinitario MojeñoJaqaru
Water séwlkwe /seːwlkʷe/ stáḵw /staqʷ/ nipi /nipi/ ʼati /ʔati/ nofa /nofa/ oka /oka/ uma /uma/
Fire nlhmín /nɬmin/ sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ ickoteo /iʃkoteo/ ʼimi /ʔimi/ yo /jo/ yuku /juku/ nina /nina/
Sun skwekwsim /skʷekʷsim/ snexwílh /snexʷiɬ/ pisim /pisim/ ʼisha /ʔiʃa/ kena /kena/ choo /tʃo/ inti /inti/
Moon mésmes /mesmes/ lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ tipikaw pisim /tipikaw pisim/ heto /heto/ ulu /ulu/ moõ /moõ/ phaxshi /pʰaχʃi/
Star speqʷ /spəqʷ/ kwekwtsi7 /kʷəkʷtsiʔ/ atcakos /atʃakos/ ntsa /ⁿtsʰa/ gale /ɡale/ wai'i /waiʔi/ wara /waɾa/
Mother skíxe /skiχe/ sma /sma/ okawi /okawi/ ama /ama/ nene /nene/ meme /meme/ mama /mama/
Father skíxa /skiχa/ smas /smas/ ohi /ohi/ aba /aba/ papa /papa/ tata /tata/ awki /awki/
I encwe /ʔəntʃwe/ en /ʔən/ nir /niɾ/ ono /ono/ dgai /dɡai/ nuti /nuti/ naya /naja/
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