Cisena

Sena

Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Senga-Sena)

FamilyAtlantic-Congo (Bantu, Senga-Sena) Speakers~1.4M ScriptLatin (NELIMO standard for Mozambican Sena) CountriesMozambique (Sofala, Manica, Tete), Malawi (south, Nsanje + Chiromo) Official inNo (Portuguese in Mozambique, English in Malawi); recognized regional Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3seh

Sena (Cisena) is a Bantu language of central Mozambique and southern Malawi, anchored on the Lower Zambezi River around Beira and Tete. Closely related to Nyanja/Chichewa (ny) and Tumbuka (tum) within the Eastern Bantu N group. The historical centre of Sena identity is the lower Zambezi valley, where it was a major trade language during the Portuguese colonial Prazo system (16th-19th c.). Diocesan publications in Sena (Catholic, since the 19th century) and active Mozambican radio broadcasting maintain it.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Sena

Water

madzi

/madzi/

Fire

moto

/moto/

Sun

dzuwa

/dzuwa/

Moon

mwedzi

/mwedzi/

Star

nyenyezi

/ɲeɲezi/

Mother

mai

/mai/

Father

baba

/baba/

I

ine

/ine/

You

iwe

/iwe/

Name

dzina

/dzina/

Eye

diso

/diso/

Hand

nkono

/nkono/

Heart

mtima

/mtima/

Love

kufuna

/kufuna/

Tree

mtengo

/mteŋɡo/

House

nyumba

/ɲumba/

Dog

mbwa

/mbwa/

Cat

paka

/paka/

Eat

kudya

/kudja/

Drink

kumwa

/kumwa/

One

posi

/posi/

Two

piŵiri

/piwiri/

Hello

mwadzukabwanji

/mwadzukabwandʒi/

Thank you

ndatenda

/ndatenda/

Good

nadidi

/nadidi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Senga-Sena) languages

Meaning SenaChewaShambalaTumbukaShonaNyaturuNdau
Water madzi /madzi/ madzi /madzi/ mazi /mazi/ maji /madʒi/ mvura /mvuɾa/ maazi /maːzi/ mvura /mvuɾa/
Fire moto /moto/ moto /moto/ moto /moto/ moto /moto/ moto /moto/ moto /moto/ muriro /muɾiɾo/
Sun dzuwa /dzuwa/ dzuwa /dzuwa/ zuwa /zuwa/ zuwa /zuwa/ zuva /zuva/ nzua /nzua/ zuva /zuva/
Moon mwedzi /mwedzi/ mwezi /mwezi/ mwezi /mwezi/ mwezi /mwezi/ mwedzi /mwedzi/ umweri /umweɾi/ mwedzi /mwedzi/
Star nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ nyeenyeeri /ɲeːɲeːri/ nyenyedzi /ɲeɲedzi/
Mother mai /mai/ amayi /amaji/ mama /mama/ amama /amama/ amai /amai/ mama /mama/ amai /amai/
Father baba /baba/ abambo /abambo/ baba /baba/ adada /adada/ baba /baba/ tata /tata/ baba /baba/
I ine /ine/ ine /ine/ niye /nije/ ine /ine/ ini /ini/ une /une/ ini /ini/
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