castellano

Old Spanish

Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Castilian) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Castilian) SpeakersExtinct as L1 ScriptLatin CountriesKingdom of Castile (modern central and northern Spain) Official inKingdom of Castile (10th-15th c.) Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3osp

Old Spanish / Old Castilian is the Romance language of the Kingdom of Castile from the 10th to the 15th centuries CE, the direct ancestor of modern Spanish. It descends from Vulgar Latin in Cantabria-Castile, with significant Visigothic and Andalusi Arabic substrate/adstrate (Arabic loans for science, agriculture, administration: aceite, azúcar, álgebra, almohada). Major literary monuments include the anonymous epic Cantar de mio Cid (~1207 CE), the Glosas Emilianenses (10th c., the oldest surviving Romance text in Iberia), the Castilian translations under Alfonso X el Sabio (13th c.), and Juan Ruiz's Libro de buen amor (~1330). Old Spanish phonology (with /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /ts/, /dz/ that later collapsed) was reformed by 1492 standardization (Nebrija's Gramática).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Old Spanish

Water

agua

/ˈaɣwa/

Fire

fuego

/ˈfweɣo/

Sun

sol

/sol/

Moon

luna

/ˈluna/

Star

estrella

/esˈtɾeʎa/

Mother

madre

/ˈmaðre/

Father

padre

/ˈpaðre/

I

yo

/jo/

You

/tu/

Name

nombre

/ˈnombɾe/

Eye

ojo

/ˈoʒo/

Hand

mano

/ˈmano/

Heart

coraçón

/koɾaˈtson/

Love

amor

/aˈmoɾ/

Tree

árbor

/ˈaɾβoɾ/

House

casa

/ˈkaza/

Dog

can

/kan/

Cat

gato

/ˈɡato/

Eat

comer

/koˈmeɾ/

Drink

bever

/beˈveɾ/

One

uno

/ˈuno/

Two

dos

/dos/

Hello

salud

/saˈlud/

Thank you

mercedes

/meɾˈtseðes/

Good

bueno

/ˈbweno/

Cuckoo

cuco

/ˈkuko/

Computer

ábaco

/ˈabako/

Sushi

cecial

/tseˈtsjal/

At sign (@)

arroba

/aˈroba/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Castilian) languages

Meaning Old SpanishGolden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro)SpanishParaguayan SpanishChavacanoAragoneseExtremaduran
Water agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɡwa/ augua /ˈawɡwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/
Fire fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɡo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ huegu /ˈweɣu/
Sun sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /ˈsol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sɔl/
Moon luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/
Star estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ estrella /esˈtɾeja/ estrela /esˈtɾela/ estrella /ehˈtɾeʎa/
Mother madre /ˈmaðre/ madre /ˈmadɾe/ madre /ˈmaðɾe/ madre /ˈmaðɾe/ nana /ˈnana/ mai /maj/ mai /mai/
Father padre /ˈpaðre/ padre /ˈpadɾe/ padre /ˈpaðɾe/ padre /ˈpaðɾe/ tata /ˈtata/ pai /paj/ pairi /ˈpajɾi/
I yo /jo/ yo /ʝo/ yo /ʝo/ yo /ʝo/ yo /jo/ yo /ʝo/ yo /ʝo/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.