Mirandés

Mirandese

Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese)

FamilyIndo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese) Speakers~10K-15K ScriptLatin CountriesPortugal (Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, Mogadouro) Official inPortugal Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3mwl

Mirandese (mirandés) is an Astur-Leonese Romance language spoken in three municipalities of Portugal's far northeast (Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, Mogadouro), with ~10K-15K speakers. It is the only co-official language of Portugal alongside Portuguese (Law 7/99 of 29 January 1999, the Lei do Mirandês), making Portugal — usually considered Europe's most monolingual country — formally bilingual. Closely related to Asturian (ast) on the Spanish side; both descend from medieval Leonese rather than Castilian. Distinct standardized orthography (Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa, 1999), used in education and local signage.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Mirandese

Water

auga

/ˈawɣa/

Fire

fuogo

/ˈfwoɣu/

Sun

sol

/sɔl/

Moon

luna

/ˈluna/

Mother

mai

/maj/

Father

pai

/paj/

Eat

comer

/koˈmeɾ/

Drink

bubir

/buˈβiɾ/

Love

amor

/aˈmoɾ/

Heart

coraçon

/koɾaˈt͡soŋ/

Tree

arble

/ˈaɾβle/

House

casa

/ˈkaza/

Dog

perro

/ˈperu/

Cat

gato

/ˈɡatu/

Hand

mano

/ˈmano/

Eye

uolho

/ˈuoʎu/

Hello

olá

/oˈla/

Thank you

oubrigado

/owβɾiˈɣadu/

One

un

/uŋ/

Good

buono

/ˈbwonu/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese) languages

Meaning MirandeseAsturianExtremaduranAragoneseGolden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro)Spanish (Europe)Old Spanish
Water auga /ˈawɣa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ augua /ˈawɡwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/
Fire fuogo /ˈfwoɣu/ fueu /ˈfweu/ huegu /ˈweɣu/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/
Sun sol /sɔl/ sol /sol/ sol /sɔl/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/
Moon luna /ˈluna/ lluna /ˈʎuna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/
Mother mai /maj/ ma /ma/ mai /mai/ mai /maj/ madre /ˈmadɾe/ madre /ˈmaðɾe/ madre /ˈmaðre/
Father pai /paj/ pa /pa/ pai /pai/ pai /paj/ padre /ˈpadɾe/ padre /ˈpaðɾe/ padre /ˈpaðre/
Eat comer /koˈmeɾ/ comer /koˈmeɾ/ comel /koˈmel/ minchar /minˈt͡ʃaɾ/ comer /koˈmeɾ/ comer /koˈmeɾ/ comer /koˈmeɾ/
Drink bubir /buˈβiɾ/ beber /beˈβeɾ/ bebel /beˈβel/ beber /beˈβeɾ/ beuer /beˈβeɾ/ beber /beˈβeɾ/ bever /beˈveɾ/
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