Mirandés
Mirandese
Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese)
Mirandese (mirandés) is an Astur-Leonese Romance language spoken in three municipalities of Portugal's far northeast (Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, Mogadouro), with ~10K-15K speakers. It is the only co-official language of Portugal alongside Portuguese (Law 7/99 of 29 January 1999, the Lei do Mirandês), making Portugal — usually considered Europe's most monolingual country — formally bilingual. Closely related to Asturian (ast) on the Spanish side; both descend from medieval Leonese rather than Castilian. Distinct standardized orthography (Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa, 1999), used in education and local signage.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Mirandese
Water
auga
/ˈawɣa/
Fire
fuogo
/ˈfwoɣu/
Sun
sol
/sɔl/
Moon
luna
/ˈluna/
Star
streilha
/ˈstrejʎɐ/
Mother
mai
/maj/
Father
pai
/paj/
I
you
/ju/
You
tu
/tu/
Name
nome
/ˈnomɨ/
Eye
uolho
/ˈuoʎu/
Hand
mano
/ˈmano/
Heart
coraçon
/koɾaˈtsoŋ/
Love
amor
/aˈmoɾ/
Tree
arble
/ˈaɾβle/
House
casa
/ˈkaza/
Dog
perro
/ˈperu/
Cat
gato
/ˈɡatu/
Eat
comer
/koˈmeɾ/
Drink
bubir
/buˈβiɾ/
One
un
/uŋ/
Two
dous
/dows/
Hello
olá
/oˈla/
Thank you
oubrigado
/owβɾiˈɣadu/
Good
buono
/ˈbwonu/
Computer
cumputador
/kumputɐˈdoɾ/
Sources
- Ethnologue: mwl
- Ferreira & Raposo (1999) Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa
- Glottolog: mira1251
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese) languages
| Meaning | Mirandese | Asturian | Extremaduran | Aragonese | Spanish | Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro) | Old Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | auga /ˈawɣa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | augua /ˈawɡwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ |
| Fire | fuogo /ˈfwoɣu/ | fueu /ˈfweu/ | huegu /ˈweɣu/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ |
| Sun | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ |
| Moon | luna /ˈluna/ | lluna /ˈʎuna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Star | streilha /ˈstrejʎɐ/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /ehˈtɾeʎa/ | estrela /esˈtɾela/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ |
| Mother | mai /maj/ | ma /ma/ | mai /mai/ | mai /maj/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | madre /ˈmadɾe/ | madre /ˈmaðre/ |
| Father | pai /paj/ | pa /pa/ | pairi /ˈpajɾi/ | pai /paj/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | padre /ˈpadɾe/ | padre /ˈpaðre/ |
| I | you /ju/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /jo/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tú /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tú /tu/ | tú /tu/ | tú /tu/ |
| Name | nome /ˈnomɨ/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nombri /ˈnombɾi/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ |
| Eye | uolho /ˈuoʎu/ | güeyu /ˈɡweʝu/ | oju /ˈohu/ | güello /ˈɣweʎo/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ | ojo /ˈoʃo/ | ojo /ˈoʒo/ |
| Hand | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ |
| Heart | coraçon /koɾaˈtsoŋ/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | curaçón /kuɾaˈsɔn/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | coraçón /koɾaˈtson/ | coraçón /koɾaˈtson/ |
| Love | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amol /aˈmol/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ |
| Tree | arble /ˈaɾβle/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | arbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbor /ˈaɾβoɾ/ |
| House | casa /ˈkaza/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkaza/ |
| Dog | perro /ˈperu/ | perru /ˈperu/ | perru /ˈpɛru/ | can /kan/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈpero/ | can /kan/ |
| Cat | gato /ˈɡatu/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gatu /ˈɣatu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ |
| Eat | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comel /koˈmel/ | minchar /minˈtʃaɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ |
| Drink | bubir /buˈβiɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | bebel /beˈβel/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beuer /beˈβeɾ/ | bever /beˈveɾ/ |
| One | un /uŋ/ | ún /un/ | un /un/ | un /un/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ |
| Two | dous /dows/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ |
| Hello | olá /oˈla/ | hola /ˈola/ | salú /saˈlu/ | hola /ˈola/ | hola /ˈola/ | Dios os guarde /djos os ˈɡwaɾde/ | salud /saˈlud/ |
| Thank you | oubrigado /owβɾiˈɣadu/ | gracies /ˈɡɾaθjes/ | gracias /ˈɣɾasjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾatsjas/ | mercedes /meɾˈtseðes/ |
| Good | buono /ˈbwonu/ | bonu /ˈbonu/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ |
| Computer | cumputador /kumputɐˈdoɾ/ | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ | — | ordinador /oɾðinaˈðoɾ/ | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ | ábaco /ˈabako/ | ábaco /ˈabako/ |
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