Asturianu
Asturian
Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese)
Asturian (asturianu, also bable) is a Romance language of the Astur-Leonese branch (sister to Spanish and Portuguese, descending separately from medieval Leonese), spoken in the autonomous community of Asturias in northern Spain plus parts of León and Cantabria, by 100K-450K speakers (estimates vary). The Mirandese variety in Portugal (mwl) is co-official there. Despite a millennium of literary tradition (medieval scriptoria), Spain's 1978 constitution did not grant Asturian co-official status; it has only "special protection" via Asturias's 1998 Law of Linguistic Use. The Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (1980) standardizes the modern orthography.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Asturian
Water
agua
/ˈaɣwa/
Fire
fueu
/ˈfweu/
Sun
sol
/sol/
Moon
lluna
/ˈʎuna/
Star
estrella
/esˈtɾeʎa/
Mother
ma
/ma/
Father
pa
/pa/
I
yo
/ʝo/
You
tu
/tu/
Name
nome
/ˈnome/
Eye
güeyu
/ˈɡweʝu/
Hand
mano
/ˈmano/
Heart
corazón
/koɾaˈθon/
Love
amor
/aˈmoɾ/
Tree
árbol
/ˈaɾβol/
House
casa
/ˈkasa/
Dog
perru
/ˈperu/
Cat
gatu
/ˈɡatu/
Eat
comer
/koˈmeɾ/
Drink
beber
/beˈβeɾ/
One
ún
/un/
Two
dos
/dos/
Hello
hola
/ˈola/
Thank you
gracies
/ˈɡɾaθjes/
Good
bonu
/ˈbonu/
Cuckoo
cuquiellu
/kuˈkjeʎu/
Computer
ordenador
/oɾðenaˈðoɾ/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Dopamine
dopamina
/dopaˈmina/
Sources
- Ethnologue: ast
- Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (1998) Gramática
- Glottolog: astu1245
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese) languages
| Meaning | Asturian | Aragonese | Spanish | Extremaduran | Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro) | Paraguayan Spanish | Mirandese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | augua /ˈawɡwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | auga /ˈawɣa/ |
| Fire | fueu /ˈfweu/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | huegu /ˈweɣu/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuogo /ˈfwoɣu/ |
| Sun | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ | sol /ˈsol/ | sol /sɔl/ |
| Moon | lluna /ˈʎuna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Star | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrela /esˈtɾela/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /ehˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ | streilha /ˈstrejʎɐ/ |
| Mother | ma /ma/ | mai /maj/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | mai /mai/ | madre /ˈmadɾe/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | mai /maj/ |
| Father | pa /pa/ | pai /paj/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | pairi /ˈpajɾi/ | padre /ˈpadɾe/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | pai /paj/ |
| I | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | you /ju/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tú /tu/ | tú /tu/ | tú /tu/ | vos /bos/ | tu /tu/ |
| Name | nome /ˈnome/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombri /ˈnombɾi/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nome /ˈnomɨ/ |
| Eye | güeyu /ˈɡweʝu/ | güello /ˈɣweʎo/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ | oju /ˈohu/ | ojo /ˈoʃo/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ | uolho /ˈuoʎu/ |
| Hand | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ |
| Heart | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | curaçón /kuɾaˈsɔn/ | coraçón /koɾaˈtson/ | corazón /koɾaˈson/ | coraçon /koɾaˈtsoŋ/ |
| Love | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amol /aˈmol/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ |
| Tree | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | arbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | arble /ˈaɾβle/ |
| House | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkaza/ |
| Dog | perru /ˈperu/ | can /kan/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perru /ˈpɛru/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈperu/ |
| Cat | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gatu /ˈɣatu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡatu/ |
| Eat | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | minchar /minˈtʃaɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comel /koˈmel/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ |
| Drink | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | bebel /beˈβel/ | beuer /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | bubir /buˈβiɾ/ |
| One | ún /un/ | un /un/ | uno /ˈuno/ | un /un/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | un /uŋ/ |
| Two | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dous /dows/ |
| Hello | hola /ˈola/ | hola /ˈola/ | hola /ˈola/ | salú /saˈlu/ | Dios os guarde /djos os ˈɡwaɾde/ | hola /ˈola/ | olá /oˈla/ |
| Thank you | gracies /ˈɡɾaθjes/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | gracias /ˈɣɾasjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾatsjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾasjas/ | oubrigado /owβɾiˈɣadu/ |
| Good | bonu /ˈbonu/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | buono /ˈbwonu/ |
| Cuckoo | cuquiellu /kuˈkjeʎu/ | cuculo /kuˈkulo/ | cuco /ˈkuko/ | — | cuclillo /kuˈkliʎo/ | piririta /piɾiˈɾita/ | — |
| Computer | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ | ordinador /oɾðinaˈðoɾ/ | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ | — | ábaco /ˈabako/ | — | cumputador /kumputɐˈdoɾ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsusi/ | — | escabeche /eskaˈbetʃe/ | — | — |
| Dopamine | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | — | — | — | — |
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