Mende

Niger-Congo (Mande)

FamilyNiger-Congo (Mande) Speakers~2M ScriptLatin alphabet (primary); Kikakui syllabary (indigenous Mende script) CountriesSierra Leone Official inSierra Leone (recognized national language)

Mende is a Mande language of the Niger-Congo family spoken by about 2 million people, chiefly in southern and eastern Sierra Leone and by smaller communities in Liberia and Guinea. It is one of Sierra Leone's principal national languages and serves as a provincial working language in much of its core area. Mende is tonal and is normally written today with a Latin-based orthography. The right-to-left Mende Kikakui syllabary was devised around 1917 by Mohamed Turay and substantially expanded by Kisimi Kamara, who promoted it from the 1920s; although it is now little used, Unicode encodes it as a distinct script.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Mende

Water

njei

/ndʒei/

Fire

ngombu

/ŋɡombu/

Sun

foni

/foni/

Moon

ngewɔ

/ŋɡewɔ/

Star

ngɔlɔ

/ᵑɡɔlɔ/

Mother

nje

/ndʒe/

Father

nya

/ɲa/

I

nya

/ɲá/

You

bi

/bí/

Name

láá

/láá/

Eye

ngama

/ŋɡama/

Hand

lɔkɔ

/lɔkɔ/

Heart

mola

/mola/

Love

ndolo

/ndolo/

Tree

ngulu

/ŋɡulu/

House

pɛlɛ

/pɛlɛ/

Dog

nguje

/ŋɡudʒe/

Cat

gɔngɔ

/ɡɔŋɡɔ/

Eat

/mɛ/

Drink

ngu

/ŋɡu/

One

yila

/jila/

Two

fele

/félé/

Hello

bua

/bua/

Thank you

bisɛ

/bisɛ/

Good

nyande

/ɲande/

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo (Mande) languages

Meaning MendeKpelleDiiEwondoBuluFijianZande
Water njei /ndʒei/ ya /ja/ mam /mam/ medzim /medzim/ medim /medim/ wai /wai/ ime /ime/
Fire ngombu /ŋɡombu/ kɔ̃a /kõa/ mvə̀ /mvə/ ndoa /ndoa/ ndoa /ndoa/ buka /mbuka/ we /we/
Sun foni /foni/ pelei /pelei/ ngə̄ə̀ /ŋɡəə/ dzōb /dʒoːb/ zobé /zobe/ matanisiga /matanisiŋa/ uru /uɾu/
Moon ngewɔ /ŋɡewɔ/ kɔŋɔ /kɔŋɔ/ mboɔn /mbɔɔn/ ngɔn /ŋɡɔn/ ngon /ŋɡon/ vula /βula/ diwi /diwi/
Star ngɔlɔ /ᵑɡɔlɔ/ ɓɔlɔŋ /ɓɔ̀lɔ̀ŋ/ tewre /tewre/ ôtɛtɛ /ótɛtɛ/ ôtɛtɛ /ótɛtɛ/ kalokalo /kalokalo/ kerekuru /kɛɾɛkuɾu/
Mother nje /ndʒe/ ngaa /ŋaː/ na /na/ nyia /ɲia/ nyia /ɲia/ tina /tina/ na /na/
Father nya /ɲa/ laai /laːi/ ba /ba/ tara /taɾa/ tata /tata/ tama /tama/ ba /ba/
I nya /ɲá/ ŋá /ŋá/ am /am/ ma /má/ ma /má/ au /au/ mi /mi/
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