Mende

Niger-Congo (Mande, Southwestern)

FamilyNiger-Congo (Mande, Southwestern) Speakers~2M ScriptLatin / Kikakui (Mende script, 1921) CountriesSierra Leone, Liberia Official inSierra Leone (recognized) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3men

Mende is a major language of Sierra Leone, mother tongue of the country's southern and eastern interior and one of two principal national languages alongside Temne. The Kikakui (Mende) syllabary, devised by Mohammed Turay around 1921, is one of the few indigenous African scripts created in the 20th century, though Latin orthographies developed for Bible translation are now far more widely used. Mende belongs to the Mande family of the Niger-Congo phylum.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Mende

Water

njei

/ndʒei/

Fire

ngombu

/ŋɡombu/

Sun

foni

/foni/

Moon

ngewɔ

/ŋɡewɔ/

Mother

nje

/ndʒe/

Father

nya

/ɲa/

Eat

/mɛ/

Drink

ngu

/ŋɡu/

Love

ndolo

/ndolo/

Heart

mola

/mola/

Tree

ngulu

/ŋɡulu/

House

pɛlɛ

/pɛlɛ/

Dog

nguje

/ŋɡudʒe/

Cat

gɔngɔ

/ɡɔŋɡɔ/

Hand

lɔkɔ

/lɔkɔ/

Eye

ngama

/ŋɡama/

Hello

bua

/bua/

Thank you

bisɛ

/bisɛ/

One

yila

/jila/

Good

nyande

/ɲande/

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo (Mande, Southwestern) languages

Meaning MendeDiiZandeManoFijianOld SundaneseDan
Water njei /ndʒei/ mam /mam/ ime /ime/ yi /ji/ wai /wai/ cai /tʃai/ yi /ji/
Fire ngombu /ŋɡombu/ mvə̀ /mvə/ nako /nako/ /kɔ/ buka /mbuka/ seuneu /sɯnɯ/ siŋ /siŋ/
Sun foni /foni/ ngə̄ə̀ /ŋɡəə/ urure /uɾuɾe/ /lɛ/ siga /siŋa/ poé /poe/ lai /lai/
Moon ngewɔ /ŋɡewɔ/ mboɔn /mbɔɔn/ diwi /diwi/ /lɔ/ vula /βula/ bulan /bulan/ siŋ /siŋ/
Mother nje /ndʒe/ na /na/ na /na/ ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ tina /tina/ indung /induŋ/ da /da/
Father nya /ɲa/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ de /de/ tama /tama/ bapa /bapa/ de /de/
Eat /mɛ/ kpén /kpen˥/ ri /ɾi/ /mɛ/ kana /kana/ dahar /dahar/ /dɛ/
Drink ngu /ŋɡu/ kpɔ̀ /kpɔ/ mbira /mbiɾa/ mi /mi/ gunu /ŋunu/ nginum /ŋinum/ mi /mi/
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