Kalenjin

Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern Nilotic — Kalenjin cluster)

FamilyNilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern Nilotic — Kalenjin cluster) Speakers~5M ScriptLatin CountriesKenya (also Uganda, Tanzania) Official inNo official status; a recognized indigenous language of Kenya, used in regional radio and education Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3kln

Kalenjin is a Southern Nilotic language cluster of the Nilo-Saharan family, spoken by the Kalenjin people mainly in the Rift Valley region of Kenya, with smaller communities in Uganda and Tanzania. It has around 5 million speakers and comprises closely related varieties such as Nandi, Kipsigis, Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet and Sabaot. Written in the Latin script, it is a tonal language and, like other Nilotic languages, uses vowel harmony based on tongue-root (ATR) position.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Kalenjin

Water

beek

/beːk/

Fire

maat

/maːt/

Sun

asis

/asis/

Moon

arawa

/arawa/

Star

kokeel

/koˈkeːl/

Mother

ee'yu

/eːju/

Father

kwanda

/kwanda/

I

anee

/aneː/

You

inyee

/iɲeː/

Name

kaina

/kaina/

Eye

konda

/kɔnda/

Hand

eut

/eut/

Heart

muguleldo

/muɡuleldo/

Love

chamuga

/tʃamuɡa/

Tree

keetit

/keːtit/

House

gaa

/ɡaː/

Dog

ses

/ses/

Cat

paka

/paka/

Eat

am

/am/

Drink

ee

/eː/

One

agenge

/aɡeŋe/

Two

aeng'

/aeŋ/

Hello

chamege

/tʃameɡe/

Thank you

kongoi

/koŋoi/

Good

karaaran

/karaːran/

Words compared

Compared with related Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Southern Nilotic — Kalenjin cluster) languages

Meaning KalenjinNyaturuKhotaneseBejaAkkadianBrahuiMasaaba
Water beek /beːk/ maazi /maːzi/ 𑀊𑀤𑀸 /uːdaː/ yam /jam/ 𒈬 /muː/ دیر /diːɾ/ kamaatsi /kamaːtsi/
Fire maat /maːt/ moto /moto/ 𑀆𑀢𑀭 /aːtar/ neʼaat /neʔaːt/ 𒉈𒌋 /iʃaːtu/ کاہا /kaha/ kamulilo /kamulilo/
Sun asis /asis/ nzua /nzua/ 𑀉𑀭𑁆𑀫 /urma/ yint /jint/ 𒀭𒌓 /ʃamʃu/ دے /deː/ suuba /suːba/
Moon arawa /arawa/ umweri /umweɾi/ 𑀫𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀢 /maːsta/ tirig /tiɾiɡ/ 𒌗 /warχu/ ماہ /mah/ umweesi /umweːsi/
Star kokeel /koˈkeːl/ nyeenyeeri /ɲeːɲeːri/ 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭 /staːra/ hayúk /hajuːk/ 𒀯 /kakːabu/ استار /isˈtaːr/ kumunyeenye /kumuɲeːɲe/
Mother ee'yu /eːju/ mama /mama/ 𑀫𑀸𑀢 /maːta/ indee /iːndeː/ 𒌝𒈬 /umːu/ لمّا /lumːaː/ mayi /maji/
Father kwanda /kwanda/ tata /tata/ 𑀧𑀺𑀢 /pita/ baab /baːb/ 𒀊 /abu/ باوا /baːwaː/ papa /papa/
I anee /aneː/ une /une/ /aːə/ ané /ʔane/ 𒀀𒈾𒆪 /anaːku/ ای /iː/ ise /ise/
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