Khasi

Austroasiatic (Khasian)

FamilyAustroasiatic (Khasian) Speakers~1.6M ScriptLatin CountriesIndia (Meghalaya), Bangladesh Official inMeghalaya (with Garo and English) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3kha

Khasi is the principal language of Meghalaya state in northeast India, with ~1.6M speakers, plus communities in Bangladesh's Sylhet division. It is one of only two Austroasiatic groups with substantial speaker populations outside Southeast Asia (the other being Munda) — the Khasians are descendants of an early Austroasiatic migration into eastern India. Khasi society is matrilineal (one of the few major matrilineal societies in the world), with property and kinship traced through women. The Latin orthography was developed by Welsh missionaries in the early 19th century. Khasi is co-official in Meghalaya alongside Garo and English. Has SVO order, no tones (unusual for Austroasiatic), and rich derivational morphology.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Khasi

Water

um

/um/

Fire

ding

/diŋ/

Sun

ka sngi

/ka sŋi/

Moon

bnai

/bnai/

Star

khlur

/kʰlur/

Mother

mei

/mei/

Father

kpa

/kpa/

I

nga

/ŋa/

You

me

/me/

Name

kyrteng

/kirtɛŋ/

Eye

ka khmat

/ka kʰmat/

Hand

ka kti

/ka kti/

Heart

ka jingmut

/ka dʒiŋmut/

Love

ieid

/iəid/

Tree

u dieng

/u diəŋ/

House

ka ïing

/ka jiŋ/

Dog

u ksew

/u ksew/

Cat

u miaw

/u miau/

Eat

bam

/bam/

Drink

dih

/dih/

One

wei

/wei/

Two

ar

/ar/

Hello

khublei

/kʰublei/

Thank you

khublei shibun

/kʰublei ʃibun/

Good

bha

/bʱa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austroasiatic (Khasian) languages

Meaning KhasiKurtöpLadakhiPyuSikkimeseSherpaEastern Bru
Water um /um/ khwe /kʰwe/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ʔuy /uj/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ daak /daːk/
Fire ding /diŋ/ mi /mi/ མེ /me/ vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ oih /ʔoiʔ/
Sun ka sngi /ka sŋi/ ningpe /niŋpe/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ño /ɲo/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ mat plei /mat plei/
Moon bnai /bnai/ lai /lai/ ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ hla /hla/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ kasai /kasai/
Star khlur /kʰlur/ karma /karma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/ kar /karʔ/ སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ སྐར་མ /karma/ mansơ /mənsɤ/
Mother mei /mei/ amai /amai/ ཨ་མ /ama/ na /na/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ amey /amej/
Father kpa /kpa/ apai /apai/ ཨ་པ /apa/ paʔ /paʔ/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ amung /amuŋ/
I nga /ŋa/ ngat /ŋat/ /ŋa/ ŋa /ŋa/ ང་ /ŋa/ /ŋa/ cứq /kɯʔ/
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