Situ
Situ rGyalrong
Sino-Tibetan (Gyalrongic)
Sources: Glottolog, Ethnologue, Wikipedia (Situ language), Gates (2012) "Situ in Situ: Towards a Dialectology of Jiarong", Lexical data for Rgyalrongic languages (NCBI/PMC 10446046). Coordinates (32.0°N, 102.0°E) represent approximate center of Ma'erkang/Barkam region (Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan). Situ is the most widely spoken rGyalrong variety with 35,000–40,000 documented speakers; total Gyalrong language family ~85,000 speakers. Language is polysynthetic with complex ve [Provisional - limited documentation; readings pending native-speaker verification.]
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Situ rGyalrong
Water
tʃʰu
/tʃʰu/
Fire
mə
/mə/
Sun
niʂ
/niʂ/
Moon
zla
/zlɑ/
Mother
ma
/mɑ/
Father
pə
/pə/
Eat
mə-za
/mə.zɑ/
Drink
nə-tɕʰə-n
/nə.tɕʰə.n/
Love
nə-ŋɯ
/nə.ŋɯ/
Heart
tʰoŋ
/tʰɔŋ/
Tree
sin
/sin/
House
kʰoŋ
/kʰɔŋ/
Dog
kʰə
/kʰə/
Cat
tsa
/tsʰɑ/
Hand
laʂ
/lɑʂ/
Eye
miʂ
/miʂ/
Hello
ŋ̩
/ŋ̩/
Thank you
ʒo
/ʒɔ/
One
tʃʰiʂ
/tʃʰiʂ/
Good
tʰuŋ
/tʰʊŋ/
Words compared
Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Gyalrongic) languages
| Meaning | Situ rGyalrong | Drung | Amdo Tibetan | Southern Qiang | Kurtöp | Ladakhi | Kuy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tʃʰu /tʃʰu/ | ʃə /ʃə/ | ཆུ་ /tʂʰu/ | tʃʰu /tʃʰu/ | khwe /kʰwe/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ɗaːʔ /ɗaʔ/ |
| Fire | mə /mə/ | məə /məː/ | མེ་ /mɛ/ | miː /miː/ | mi /mi/ | མེ /me/ | fəj /fəj/ |
| Sun | niʂ /niʂ/ | nɯ /nɯ/ | ཉི་མ་ /ɲəmɑ/ | ɲit /ɲit/ | ningpe /niŋpe/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | tʰaj /tʰaj/ |
| Moon | zla /zlɑ/ | məŋ /məŋ/ | ཟླ་བ་ /dʐɑwɑ/ | ʐwaː /ʐwaː/ | lai /lai/ | ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ | luəŋ /luəŋ/ |
| Mother | ma /mɑ/ | ma /ma/ | ཨ་མ་ /ɑ mɑ/ | miː /miː/ | amai /amai/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | mə /mə/ |
| Father | pə /pə/ | pa /pa/ | ཕ་ /pʰɑ/ | pə /pə/ | apai /apai/ | ཨ་པ /apa/ | pə /pə/ |
| Eat | mə-za /mə.zɑ/ | ʃə /ʃə/ | ཟ་ /zɑ/ | tʃʰə /tʃʰə/ | za /za/ | ཟ /za/ | sap /sap/ |
| Drink | nə-tɕʰə-n /nə.tɕʰə.n/ | pə /pə/ | ཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ | ʂu /ʂu/ | thung /tʰuŋ/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | suəm /suəm/ |
| Love | nə-ŋɯ /nə.ŋɯ/ | ʃit /ʃit/ | དགའ་ /ɡɑ/ | pʰo /pʰo/ | ga /ɡa/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | phɯ /pʰɯ/ |
| Heart | tʰoŋ /tʰɔŋ/ | ʃəŋ /ʃəŋ/ | སེམས་ /sɛm/ | ɲit /ɲit/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | chlaj /tʂlaj/ |
| Tree | sin /sin/ | sim /sim/ | ཤིང་ /ʂɪŋ/ | tʃʰoː /tʃʰoː/ | shing /ɕiŋ/ | ཤིང /ʃiŋ/ | ʔəŋ /ʔəŋ/ |
| House | kʰoŋ /kʰɔŋ/ | im /im/ | ཁང་ /kʰɑŋ/ | kʰə /kʰə/ | khim /kʰim/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | pno /pno/ |
| Dog | kʰə /kʰə/ | kʰja /kʰja/ | ཁྱི་ མོ་ /tʂʰə mɔ/ | kʰwe /kʰwe/ | khwi /kʰwi/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | sŋaːʔ /ŋaʔ/ |
| Cat | tsa /tsʰɑ/ | tsa /tsʰa/ | ཀུ་ཕ་ /kufa/ | maː /maː/ | byila /bila/ | བྱི་ལ /pila/ | chhlɔːk /tʂɔk/ |
| Hand | laʂ /lɑʂ/ | kə /kə/ | ལག་པ་ /læɡ hɑ/ | kʰaː /kʰaː/ | lak /lak/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | təy /təj/ |
| Eye | miʂ /miʂ/ | mik /mik/ | མིག་ /mik/ | mit /mit/ | mik /mik/ | མིག /mik/ | mɜ̤t /mɜt/ |
| Hello | ŋ̩ /ŋ̩/ | ŋeŋ /ŋeŋ/ | བདེ་མོ་ /bdeː mo/ | niə /niə/ | kuzu zangpo /kuzu zaŋpo/ | ཇུ་ལེ /dʑule/ | sabaaj /sabaːj/ |
| Thank you | ʒo /ʒɔ/ | tʃʰɔ /tʃʰɔ/ | དགེ་ /ŋeɕɑ ŋeɕɑ/ | — /—/ | kadrinche /kadrintɕe/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | khɔp /kʰɔp/ |
| One | tʃʰiʂ /tʃʰiʂ/ | tik /tik/ | གཅིག་ /tʂik/ | tʃʰik /tʃʰik/ | thê /tʰe/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | mṳːy /muj/ |
| Good | tʰuŋ /tʰʊŋ/ | la /la/ | ཡག་པོ་ /jɑkpɑ/ | kʰo /kʰo/ | lekpo /lekpo/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | ɟɔ /dʑɔ/ |
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