Situ

Situ rGyalrong

Sino-Tibetan (Gyalrongic)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Gyalrongic) Speakers~85,000–100,000 (Situ variety: 35,000–40,000+) ScriptUnwritten in native tradition; uses Latin romanization (Situ Pinyin) f Official inUnrecognized indigenous language of China; not an official language of any state

Sources: Glottolog, Ethnologue, Wikipedia (Situ language), Gates (2012) "Situ in Situ: Towards a Dialectology of Jiarong", Lexical data for Rgyalrongic languages (NCBI/PMC 10446046). Coordinates (32.0°N, 102.0°E) represent approximate center of Ma'erkang/Barkam region (Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan). Situ is the most widely spoken rGyalrong variety with 35,000–40,000 documented speakers; total Gyalrong language family ~85,000 speakers. Language is polysynthetic with complex ve [Provisional - limited documentation; readings pending native-speaker verification.]

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Situ rGyalrong

Water

tʃʰu

/tʃʰu/

Fire

/mə/

Sun

niʂ

/niʂ/

Moon

zla

/zlɑ/

Mother

ma

/mɑ/

Father

/pə/

Eat

mə-za

/mə.zɑ/

Drink

nə-tɕʰə-n

/nə.tɕʰə.n/

Love

nə-ŋɯ

/nə.ŋɯ/

Heart

tʰoŋ

/tʰɔŋ/

Tree

sin

/sin/

House

kʰoŋ

/kʰɔŋ/

Dog

kʰə

/kʰə/

Cat

tsa

/tsʰɑ/

Hand

laʂ

/lɑʂ/

Eye

miʂ

/miʂ/

Hello

ŋ̩

/ŋ̩/

Thank you

ʒo

/ʒɔ/

One

tʃʰiʂ

/tʃʰiʂ/

Good

tʰuŋ

/tʰʊŋ/

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Gyalrongic) languages

Meaning Situ rGyalrongDrungAmdo TibetanSouthern QiangKurtöpLadakhiKuy
Water tʃʰu /tʃʰu/ ʃə /ʃə/ ཆུ་ /tʂʰu/ tʃʰu /tʃʰu/ khwe /kʰwe/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ɗaːʔ /ɗaʔ/
Fire /mə/ məə /məː/ མེ་ /mɛ/ miː /miː/ mi /mi/ མེ /me/ fəj /fəj/
Sun niʂ /niʂ/ /nɯ/ ཉི་མ་ /ɲəmɑ/ ɲit /ɲit/ ningpe /niŋpe/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ tʰaj /tʰaj/
Moon zla /zlɑ/ məŋ /məŋ/ ཟླ་བ་ /dʐɑwɑ/ ʐwaː /ʐwaː/ lai /lai/ ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ luəŋ /luəŋ/
Mother ma /mɑ/ ma /ma/ ཨ་མ་ /ɑ mɑ/ miː /miː/ amai /amai/ ཨ་མ /ama/ /mə/
Father /pə/ pa /pa/ ཕ་ /pʰɑ/ /pə/ apai /apai/ ཨ་པ /apa/ /pə/
Eat mə-za /mə.zɑ/ ʃə /ʃə/ ཟ་ /zɑ/ tʃʰə /tʃʰə/ za /za/ /za/ sap /sap/
Drink nə-tɕʰə-n /nə.tɕʰə.n/ /pə/ ཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ ʂu /ʂu/ thung /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ suəm /suəm/
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