Tvrung kvt

Drung

Sino-Tibetan (Nungish)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Nungish) Speakers~7.3–14K ScriptLatin script (Drung alphabet developed 1983, Latin-based with diacritics) Official inNot officially recognized; historically unwritten with notches on wooden logs. Latin-based alphabet developed 1983 but not widely

Drung, also called Dulong or Trung (ISO 639-3: duu), is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Nungish group, closely related to Rawang and Anong. It is spoken mainly by the Derung people in and around Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County, including the Dulong River valley of northwestern Yunnan, China. Published comparisons report about 74% lexical similarity with Matwang Rawang, while grammatical descriptions document verbal person marking characteristic of Nungish languages. A Latin-based alphabet was developed in 1983, but Drung has traditionally been unwritten and the newer orthography is neither widely used nor officially recognized.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Drung

Water

ʃə

/ʃə/

Fire

məə

/məː/

Sun

/nɯ/

Moon

məŋ

/məŋ/

Star

əkɯr

/əkɯr/

Mother

ma

/ma/

Father

pa

/pa/

I

nga

/ŋa/

You

/nə/

Name

bɯng

/bɯŋ/

Eye

mik

/mik/

Hand

/kə/

Heart

ʃəŋ

/ʃəŋ/

Love

ʃit

/ʃit/

Tree

sim

/sim/

House

im

/im/

Dog

kʰja

/kʰja/

Cat

tsa

/tsʰa/

Eat

ʃə

/ʃə/

Drink

/pə/

One

tik

/tik/

Two

əni

/əni/

Hello

ŋeŋ

/ŋeŋ/

Thank you

tʃʰɔ

/tʃʰɔ/

Good

la

/la/

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Nungish) languages

Meaning DrungSitu rGyalrongProto-Sino-TibetanSherpaLadakhiClassical TibetanDzongkha
Water ʃə /ʃə/ tʃʰu /tʃʰu/ /—/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire məə /məː/ /mə/ *mey /mey/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun /nɯ/ niʂ /niʂ/ *nəy /nəy/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon məŋ /məŋ/ zla /zlɑ/ *s-la /s-la/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Star əkɯr /əkɯr/ zgrɯ /zɡrɯ/ *s-kar /s-kar/ སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/ སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /kaːma/
Mother ma /ma/ ma /mɑ/ *ma /ma/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/
Father pa /pa/ /pə/ *pa /pa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ /pʰa/ ཨ་པ /apa/
I nga /ŋa/ nga /ŋa/ *ŋa /ŋa/ /ŋa/ /ŋa/ /ŋa/ /ŋa/
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