Гӏалгӏай мотт

Ingush

NE Caucasian (Nakh)

FamilyNE Caucasian (Nakh) Speakers~400K ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia (Ingushetia) Official inRepublic of Ingushetia Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3inh

Ingush (ГӀалгӀай мотт ʻalġai mott) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Nakh branch with ~350K speakers — co-official with Russian in the Republic of Ingushetia (capital Magas). Sister to Chechen (ce); together they form the Vainakh subgroup with ~80% mutual intelligibility, having diverged in the medieval period. Cyrillic script since 1938 (after Latin 1923-1938 and earlier Arabic-derived attempts). Ergative-absolutive case system with up to eight cases, four gender classes (B/D/J/V) marked on verbs, polysynthetic verb morphology, and a complex consonant inventory featuring ejectives, pharyngealized consonants, and uvulars. The Ingush diaspora was tragically affected by Stalin's 1944 deportation to Central Asia (Aardakh, returned 1957). Rich oral tradition of Nart epic sagas shared with neighboring Caucasian peoples.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Ingush

Water

хий

/xij/

Fire

цӏе

/tsʼe/

Sun

малх

/malx/

Moon

бутт

/butː/

Mother

наьна

/næna/

Father

да

/da/

Eat

даа

/daː/

Drink

мала

/mala/

Love

безам

/bezam/

Heart

дог

/doɡ/

Tree

га

/ɡa/

House

цӏа

/tsʼa/

Dog

жӏали

/ʒˤali/

Cat

циск

/tsisk/

Hand

куьг

/kyɡ/

Eye

бӏаьрг

/bˤæɾɡ/

Hello

моаршал

/moaɾʃal/

Thank you

баркал

/baɾkal/

One

цаӀ

/tsaʔ/

Good

дика

/dika/

Words compared

Compared with related NE Caucasian (Nakh) languages

Meaning IngushChechenBatsLakDanDargwaArchi
Water хий /xij/ хи /xi/ ხი /xi/ щин /ʃin/ yi /ji/ шин /ʃin/ лъан /ɬan/
Fire цӏе /tsʼe/ цӏе /tsʼe/ ცʼე /tsʼe/ цӏу /tsʼu/ siŋ /siŋ/ цӏа /tsʼa/ цӏай /tsʼaj/
Sun малх /malx/ малх /malx/ მაცხ /matsx/ бургъ /burʁ/ lai /lai/ берхӏи /beɾħi/ бараг /baɾaɡ/
Moon бутт /butː/ бутт /butː/ ბუცʼ /butsʼ/ барз /barz/ siŋ /siŋ/ баз /baz/ батӏ /batʼ/
Mother наьна /næna/ нана /nana/ ნანა /nana/ нину /ninu/ da /da/ нес /nes/ буба /buba/
Father да /da/ да /da/ დადა /dada/ ппу /pːu/ de /de/ атта /atːa/ аба /aba/
Eat даа /daː/ даа /daː/ ჲაა /jaː/ ккаву /kːavu/ /dɛ/ букӏан /bukʼan/ аркьилӏ /aɾqʼili/
Drink мала /mala/ мала /mala/ მალარ /malar/ гьавхь /ʕavħ/ mi /mi/ даркьес /daɾqʼes/ а́ккур /ʔakːur/
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