Аршаттен чӀат

Archi

NE Caucasian (Lezgic — isolated within Lezgic; not part of any subgroup)

FamilyNE Caucasian (Lezgic — isolated within Lezgic; not part of any subgroup) Speakers~1K (severely endangered) ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia Official inRussia Vitalityseverely-endangered ISO 639-3aqc

Archi (Аршаттен чӀат Aršatten Tʼat) is a Northeast Caucasian language isolated within the Lezgic branch — it does not cluster with Lezgian-Tabasaran-Tsakhur, Aghul, or any other Lezgic subgroup, occupying its own taxonomic position. Spoken by ~1,000 people in the single village of Archi (Charoda District, Daghestan), Archi is famous in linguistic literature for having one of the most morphologically complex inflectional systems documented: Kibrik's 1977 reference grammar calculated up to 1.5 million possible verb forms per single root through combination of TAM markers, polypersonal agreement, evidentiality, and modality. The Archi consonant inventory includes ~70 phonemes with extensive use of pharyngealization and ejectives.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Archi

Water

лъан

/ɬan/

Fire

цӏай

/tsʼaj/

Sun

бараг

/baɾaɡ/

Moon

батӏ

/batʼ/

Mother

буба

/buba/

Father

аба

/aba/

Eat

аркьилӏ

/aɾqʼili/

Drink

а́ккур

/ʔakːur/

Love

икан

/ikan/

Heart

ракӏ

/ɾakʼ/

Tree

гард

/ɡaɾd/

House

хъоʔ

/qoʔ/

Dog

хӏвай

/ħʷaj/

Cat

к̄ет

/kʼet/

Hand

кӏанас

/kʼanas/

Eye

пӏарак

/pʼaɾak/

Hello

аимбир

/ambiɾ/

Thank you

хӏама

/ħama/

One

ос

/os/

Good

баилъи

/baiɬi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related NE Caucasian (Lezgic — isolated within Lezgic; not part of any subgroup) languages

Meaning ArchiTsezDargwaAndiTsakhurAghulBats
Water лъан /ɬan/ лъи /ɬi/ шин /ʃin/ лъен /ɬen/ хьад /ħad/ хьед /ħed/ ხი /xi/
Fire цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏи /tsʼi/ цӏа /tsʼa/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ ცʼე /tsʼe/
Sun бараг /baɾaɡ/ буцӏ /butsʼ/ берхӏи /beɾħi/ миллӏи /milːi/ верг /verɡ/ рагъ /raʁ/ მაცხ /matsx/
Moon батӏ /batʼ/ бутӏтӏи /butʼːi/ баз /baz/ борцӏцӏо /bortsʼːo/ ваз /vaz/ ваз /vaz/ ბუცʼ /butsʼ/
Mother буба /buba/ баб /bab/ нес /nes/ ила /ila/ йед /jed/ баб /bab/ ნანა /nana/
Father аба /aba/ обу /obu/ атта /atːa/ има /ima/ дакӏ /dakʼ/ ада /ada/ დადა /dada/
Eat аркьилӏ /aɾqʼili/ ишер /iʃer/ букӏан /bukʼan/ икъвин /iqʷːin/ аӏкӏвыс /aʕkʷʼəs/ ифи /ifi/ ჲაა /jaː/
Drink а́ккур /ʔakːur/ жекер /ʒeker/ даркьес /daɾqʼes/ игьин /iɣin/ ийыхьес /iijəħes/ ахъан /aqʼan/ მალარ /malar/
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