Mbyá Guaraní

Tupian (Tupí-Guaraní)

FamilyTupian (Tupí-Guaraní) Speakers~15K L1 ScriptLatin alphabet (Achegety) with 33 letters: A, Ã, CH, E, Ẽ, G, G̃, H, I Official inNo official co-status; recognized as cultural heritage by Brazil's IPHAN (Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage)

Mbyá Guaraní (ISO 639-3: gun) is a vulnerable Tupí–Guaraní language spoken by Mbyá communities across Paraguay, southern and southeastern Brazil, Misiones Province in Argentina, and parts of Uruguay. Its speakers maintain networks across the Atlantic Forest region, and the language remains central to religious practice, oral tradition, and community identity. Mbyá is distinct from Paraguayan Guaraní and from Ñandeva, although all belong to the Guaranian subgroup; published estimates place the native-speaking population in the tens of thousands. Its sound system has six oral vowels /a e i o u ɨ/ with nasal counterparts and pervasive nasal harmony, while regional orthographies use the Latin script with some country-specific differences.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Mbyá Guaraní

Water

y

/ɨ/

Fire

tata

/ta.ˈta/

Sun

nhamandu

/ɲã.mɑ̃.ˈdu/

Moon

jaxy

/ʒa.ˈʃɨ/

Star

jaxy tata

/dʒaʃɨ taˈta/

Mother

sy

/ˈsɨ/

Father

tupa

/ˈtu.pa/

I

xee

/ʃeː/

You

ndee

/ndeː/

Name

téra

/ˈteɾa/

Eye

ãg̃u

/ɑ̃.ɡ̃u/

Hand

tape

/ta.ˈpe/

Heart

py'a

/pɨ.ˈa/

Love

rohayhu

/ro.ha.ˈɨ.u/

Tree

yvyra

/ɨ.vɨ.ˈra/

House

óga

/ˈo.ɡa/

Dog

asu

/a.ˈsu/

Cat

jaguá

/ʒa.ɡu.ˈa/

Eat

jepota

/ʒe.ˈpo.ta/

Drink

inumbo

/i.ˈnum.bo/

One

peteĩ

/pe.te.ˈĩ/

Two

mokõi

/mokõˈĩ/

Hello

mba'éichapa

/m.ba.ˈe.i.ʃa.pa/

Thank you

aguyje

/a.ɡu.ˈɨ.ʒe/

Good

porã

/po.ˈrɑ̃/

Words compared

Compared with related Tupian (Tupí-Guaraní) languages

Meaning Mbyá GuaraníGuaraníTupinambáXavanteNheengatuPortuguese (Cape Verdean)Greek
Water y /ɨ/ y /ɨ/ 'y /ʔɨ/ a'ri /aʔɾi/ ig /iɡ/ água /ˈa.ɣwɐ/ νερό /neˈɾo/
Fire tata /ta.ˈta/ tata /tata/ tatá /taˈta/ tsadã /tsaˈdɐ̃/ tatá /tata/ fogo /ˈfo.ɣu/ φωτιά /foˈtʲa/
Sun nhamandu /ɲã.mɑ̃.ˈdu/ kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ marã /maˈɾɐ̃/ kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ sol /ˈsɔɫ/ ήλιος /ˈiʎos/
Moon jaxy /ʒa.ˈʃɨ/ jasy /dʒasɨ/ iasy /jaˈsɨ/ damã /daˈmɐ̃/ yasi /jasi/ lua /ˈlu.ɐ/ φεγγάρι /feˈŋɡaɾi/
Star jaxy tata /dʒaʃɨ taˈta/ mbyja /mbɨˈdʒa/ jasytata /jasɨtaˈta/ wasi /waˈsi/ yasytatá /jasɨtaˈta/ estrela /ʃˈtɾelɐ/ αστέρι /aˈsteri/
Mother sy /ˈsɨ/ sy /sɨ/ sy /sɨ/ atéze /aˈteze/ mãi /mãi/ mãe /ˈmɐ̃j̃/ μητέρα /miˈteɾa/
Father tupa /ˈtu.pa/ túva /tuva/ tuba /ˈtuβa/ adzé /aˈdze/ paiá /paja/ pai /ˈpaj/ πατέρας /paˈteɾas/
I xee /ʃeː/ che /ʃe/ ixé /iˈʃɛ/ wa /wa/ ixé /iˈʃe/ eu /ew/ εγώ /eˈɣo/
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