Буряад хэлэн
Buryat
Mongolic
Buryat is the major Mongolic language of southern Siberia, closely related to Khalkha Mongolian and forming a dialect continuum with it across the Mongolian-Russian border. It is spoken across the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast (Ust'-Orda Buryat), Zabaykalsky Krai (Aginsky Buryat), and northern Mongolia. Traditionally written in the Mongolian script via Tibetan Buddhist influence, Buryat adopted Cyrillic in 1939 under Soviet language policy, with revival of vertical Mongolian script post-1990.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Buryat
Water
уһан
/uhan/
Fire
гал
/ɡal/
Sun
наран
/naran/
Moon
һара
/hara/
Mother
эхэ
/exe/
Father
эсэгэ
/eseɡe/
Eat
эдеэлхэ
/edeːlxe/
Drink
ууха
/uːxa/
Love
дуран
/duran/
Heart
зүрхэн
/zyrxen/
Tree
модон
/modon/
House
гэр
/ɡer/
Dog
нохой
/noxoj/
Cat
миисгэй
/miːsɡej/
Hand
гар
/ɡar/
Eye
нюдэн
/ɲuden/
Hello
сайн байна
/sajn bajna/
Thank you
баярлаа
/bajarlaː/
One
нэгэн
/neɡen/
Good
һайн
/hajn/
Words compared
Compared with related Mongolic languages
| Meaning | Buryat | Middle Mongol | Classical Mongolian | Mongolian | Kalmyk | Mongghul | Inner Mongolian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | уһан /uhan/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | ус /us/ | усн /usn/ | usu /usu/ | ᠤᠰᠤ /usu/ |
| Fire | гал /ɡal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɣal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/ | гал /ɡal/ | гал /ɡal/ | ghal /ʁal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡɑl/ |
| Sun | наран /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | нар /nar/ | нарн /narn/ | nara /nara/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠ /nɑrɑ/ |
| Moon | һара /hara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | сар /sar/ | сар /sar/ | sara /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sɑrɑ/ |
| Mother | эхэ /exe/ | ᠡᠭᠡ /eke/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eke/ | ээж /eːdʒ/ | ээҗ /eːdʒ/ | ana /ana/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eχe/ |
| Father | эсэгэ /eseɡe/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /et͡ʃiɡe/ | аав /aːw/ | аав /aːv/ | ada /ada/ | ᠠᠪᠤ /ɑβu/ |
| Eat | эдеэлхэ /edeːlxe/ | ᠢᠳᠡ /ide/ | ᠢᠳᠡ- /ide-/ | идэх /idex/ | иде /ide/ | idi- /idi/ | ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ /ideχʉ/ |
| Drink | ууха /uːxa/ | ᠤᠭᠤ /uɣu/ | ᠤᠭᠤ- /uɣu-/ | уух /uːx/ | уу /uː/ | uu- /uː/ | ᠤᠤᠬᠤ /uːχu/ |
| Love | дуран /duran/ | ᠳᠤᠷᠠ /dura/ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ /xajira/ | хайр /xajr/ | дурлх /durlx/ | durala- /durala/ | ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠ /χɑir/ |
| Heart | зүрхэн /zyrxen/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡ /dʒiryke/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /d͡ʒirüke/ | зүрх /dzyrx/ | зүркн /zyrˈkən/ | jürige /dʒyriɡe/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /dʒirʉχe/ |
| Tree | модон /modon/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ /modun/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /modu/ | мод /mod/ | модн /moˈdn̩/ | modu /modu/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /mɔdu/ |
| House | гэр /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | гэр /ɡer/ | гер /ɡer/ | ger /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ |
| Dog | нохой /noxoj/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noqai/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noxai/ | нохой /nɔxɔj/ | ноха /noxa/ | noghui /noʁui/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /nɔχɑi/ |
| Cat | миисгэй /miːsɡej/ | ᠮᠢᠭᠤᠢ /miɣui/ | ᠮᠠᠭᠣ /maɣu/ | муур /muːr/ | миис /miːs/ | mau /mau/ | ᠮᠤᠤᠷ /muːr/ |
| Hand | гар /ɡar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɣar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡar/ | гар /ɡar/ | һар /ɣar/ | ghar /ʁar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡɑr/ |
| Eye | нюдэн /ɲuden/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ /nidyn/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidü/ | нүд /nyd/ | нүдн /nyˈdn̩/ | nidu /nidu/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidʉ/ |
| Hello | сайн байна /sajn bajna/ | ᠠᠮᠤᠷ /amur/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠤ /sajin uu/ | сайн уу /sajn uː/ | менд /mend/ | amur sain /amur sain/ | ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ /sɑin bɑinɑ/ |
| Thank you | баярлаа /bajarlaː/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠ /bajarlaba/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bajarlala/ | баярлалаа /bajarlalaː/ | ханҗанав /xandʒanav/ | bayarla- /bajarla/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bɑjɑrlɑlɑ/ |
| One | нэгэн /neɡen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | нэг /neɡ/ | негн /neɡn/ | nige /niɡe/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ /niɡe/ |
| Good | һайн /hajn/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sain/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sajin/ | сайн /sajn/ | сән /sæn/ | sain /sain/ | ᠰᠠᠢᠨ /sɑin/ |
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