Adi Agom
Adi
Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Tani, Western)
Adi (Adi Agom, "people's words") is a major Tani language of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India. The Adi people are one of the largest indigenous groups of Arunachal, with multiple sub-tribes (Padam, Minyong, Galo, Pasi, Komkar, Tangam, Bori) speaking mutually intelligible varieties. Tonal with three contrastive tones, polysynthetic verb morphology with hierarchical agreement. The traditional ecological knowledge of the Adi has been documented in the Adi Cultural Studies Centre publications. Major cultural touchstones include the Aran festival and the iconic Galo bridge architecture.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Adi
Water
ihi
/ihi/
Fire
emi
/emi/
Sun
donyi
/doɲi/
Moon
polo
/polo/
Star
takar
/takar/
Mother
ane
/ane/
Father
abu
/abu/
I
ngo
/ŋo/
You
no
/no/
Name
amin
/amin/
Eye
amik
/amik/
Hand
ali
/ali/
Heart
gangki
/ɡaŋki/
Love
kanom
/kanom/
Tree
esing
/esiŋ/
House
oekum
/oekum/
Dog
eki
/eki/
Cat
mero
/meɾo/
Eat
dod
/dod/
Drink
tunam
/tunam/
One
ako
/ako/
Two
anyi
/aɲi/
Hello
nasi sukna
/nasi sukna/
Thank you
nasi
/nasi/
Good
atom
/atom/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Tani, Western) languages
| Meaning | Adi | Dzongkha | Balti | Tangkhul Naga | Ladakhi | Liturgical Classical Tibetan | Hakha Chin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ihi /ihi/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ze /ze/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ti /ti/ |
| Fire | emi /emi/ | མེ /me/ | མེ /me/ | mei /mei/ | མེ /me/ | མེ /me/ | mei /mei/ |
| Sun | donyi /doɲi/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | nyithui /ɲitʰui/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ni /ni/ |
| Moon | polo /polo/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | lai /lai/ | ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | thla /tʰla/ |
| Star | takar /takar/ | སྐར་མ /kaːma/ | སྐར་མ /skarma/ | sira /siraː/ | སྐར་མ /skarma/ | སྐར་མ /karma/ | arfi /ʔarfi/ |
| Mother | ane /ane/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ina /ina/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | nu /nu/ |
| Father | abu /abu/ | ཨ་པ /apa/ | ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ | apa /apa/ | ཨ་པ /apa/ | ཡབ /jab/ | pa /pa/ |
| I | ngo /ŋo/ | ང /ŋa/ | ང /ŋa/ | i /i/ | ང /ŋa/ | ང /ŋa/ | kei /kei/ |
| You | no /no/ | ཁྱོད /tɕʰøː/ | ཁྱང /kʰjaŋ/ | na /na/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeːraŋ/ | ཁྱོད /tɕʰø/ | nang /naŋ/ |
| Name | amin /amin/ | མིང /miŋ/ | མིང /miŋ/ | amin /amin/ | མིང /miŋ/ | མིང /miŋ/ | min /min/ |
| Eye | amik /amik/ | མིག /mik/ | མིག /mik/ | mi /mi/ | མིག /mik/ | མིག /mik/ | mit /mit/ |
| Hand | ali /ali/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | phei /pʰei/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | kut /kut/ |
| Heart | gangki /ɡaŋki/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | mokyaba /mokjaba/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ |
| Love | kanom /kanom/ | དགའ་བ /ɡawa/ | དགའ་བ /ɡaba/ | cha /tʃa/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | བྱམས་པ /tɕampa/ | daw /daw/ |
| Tree | esing /esiŋ/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ | leiyik /leijik/ | ཤིང /ʃiŋ/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ |
| House | oekum /oekum/ | ཁྱིམ /tɕim/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | shim /ʃim/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | inn /in/ |
| Dog | eki /eki/ | ཁྱི /tɕi/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | ui /ui/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | ཁྱི /tɕʰi/ | ui /ui/ |
| Cat | mero /meɾo/ | བྱི་ལ /bila/ | བྱི་ལ /bjila/ | mibu /mibu/ | བྱི་ལ /pila/ | ཞི་མི /ʑimi/ | minu /minu/ |
| Eat | dod /dod/ | བཟའ /za/ | ཟ /za/ | ngui /ŋui/ | ཟ /za/ | བཟའ /sa/ | ei /ei/ |
| Drink | tunam /tunam/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | ཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ | rai /rai/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | din /din/ |
| One | ako /ako/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | kha /kʰa/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ |
| Two | anyi /aɲi/ | གཉིས /ɲiː/ | གཉིས /ɲis/ | khani /kʰani/ | གཉིས /ɲis/ | གཉིས /ɲiː/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ |
| Hello | nasi sukna /nasi sukna/ | སྐུ་གཟུགས་བཟང་པོ་ལ /kuzu zaŋpo la/ | ཨ་སི་ལམ /asilam/ | hayau /hajau/ | ཇུ་ལེ /dʑule/ | བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས /tʂaʃi delek/ | na dam maw /na dam maw/ |
| Thank you | nasi /nasi/ | བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ /kadrintɕe/ | བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ /kadrintɕʰe/ | ase /ase/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰukdʑe tɕʰe/ | ka lawm /ka lawm/ |
| Good | atom /atom/ | ལེགས་ཤོམ /lekɕom/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | kahei /kahei/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | tha /tʰa/ |
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