Ixil
伊希爾語
Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan)
Ixil is a Mamean Mayan language of the Cuchumatanes mountains in northwestern Guatemala, spoken in the three towns Nebaj, Chajul, and San Juan Cotzal known as the "Ixil Triangle". The Ixil people were among the most heavily targeted communities during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960-1996); approximately 8% of the Ixil population were killed during the early-1980s genocide under General Ríos Montt — convicted of genocide against the Ixil in 2013 (verdict overturned but conviction historically affirmed). Three principal varieties: Nebaj (most documented), Chajul, and Cotzal. Ergative-absolutive alignment, complex aspectual verb morphology.
使用地區
伊希爾語嘅20個核心詞
水
aʼ
/aʔ/
火
tzaʼ
/tsaʔ/
日頭
qʼii
/qʼiː/
月光
ich
/itʃ/
母親
naʼ
/naʔ/
父親
baʼ
/baʔ/
食
tzaʼbʼi
/tsaʔɓi/
飲
ucha
/utʃa/
愛
kuxhewchʼa
/kuʃewtʃʼa/
心
vatzʼ
/vatsʼ/
樹
tze
/tse/
屋
kabʼal
/kaɓal/
狗
txʼiʼ
/tʃʼiʔ/
貓
mees
/meːs/
手
qʼabʼ
/qʼaɓ/
眼
vusal
/vusal/
你好
nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa
/nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/
多謝
tantixh
/tantiʃ/
一
jun
/hun/
好
utzʼ
/utsʼ/
來源
單詞比較
同Mayan (Mamean, Greater Mamean — Ixilan)相關語言比較
| 意思 | 伊希爾語 | 烏斯潘特科語 | 基切語 | 卡克奇克爾語 | 阿瓜卡特科語 | 克查語 | 瑪姆語 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ |
| 火 | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | xam /ʃam/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ |
| 日頭 | qʼii /qʼiː/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | qʼij /qʼih/ |
| 月光 | ich /itʃ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | poo /poː/ | xjaw /ʃaw/ |
| 母親 | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | naa /naː/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ |
| 父親 | baʼ /baʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | mam /mam/ | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | mam /mam/ |
| 食 | tzaʼbʼi /tsaʔɓi/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | wii /wiː/ | taawaʼ /tawaʔ/ | waan /waːn/ |
| 飲 | ucha /utʃa/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | kumun /kumun/ | uuk /uːk/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kʼaan /kʼaːn/ |
| 愛 | kuxhewchʼa /kuʃewtʃʼa/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | loqʼoj /loqʼoh/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | rahok /rahok/ | oqxan /oqʃan/ |
| 心 | vatzʼ /vatsʼ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | anima /anima/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | anma /anma/ |
| 樹 | tze /tse/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ |
| 屋 | kabʼal /kaɓal/ | jaa /haː/ | ja /xa/ | jay /xaj/ | nya /ɲa/ | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | jaa /haː/ |
| 狗 | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | txʼyan /tʃʼjan/ |
| 貓 | mees /meːs/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mes /mes/ | wiix /wiːʃ/ |
| 手 | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | ruqʼ /ruqʼ/ | qʼobʼ /qʼoɓ/ |
| 眼 | vusal /vusal/ | wach /watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | xnaqʼ ru /ʃnaqʼ ru/ | witz /wits/ |
| 你好 | nimaʼla kuxhewchʼa /nimaʔla kuʃewtʃʼa/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma sa laːtʃʼoːl/ | chjonte tey /tʃhonte tej/ |
| 多謝 | tantixh /tantiʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | chjonte /tʃhonte/ |
| 一 | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| 好 | utzʼ /utsʼ/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | saqʼ /saqʼ/ | us /us/ | banix /baniʃ/ |
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