KʌThemnɛ
Kithemne
Atlantiki-Kongo (Mel)
Kitemne (KʌThemnɛ) ni mojawapo ya lugha mbili kubwa zaidi za Sierra Leone pamoja na Kimende, likiwa na wasemaji wapatao milioni 1.5 katika nusu ya kaskazini ya nchi (wilaya za Bombali, Tonkolili, Port Loko, Kambia, Karene). Likiwa sehemu ya tawi la Mel la Atlantiki-Kongo (Niger-Kongo), halihusiani na lugha nyingine kubwa za Afrika Magharibi — lugha za Mel zimejikita katika Sierra Leone, Liberia, na maeneo jirani. Lina mfumo wa kisarufi wa ngeli za nomino unaowekewa alama kwa viambishi awali vya ngeli (kʌ-, ka-, m-, n.k.) ulio wa kawaida katika Atlantiki-Kongo. Lugha ya toni. Watemne walikuwa mojawapo ya dola kuu za kabla ya ukoloni katika eneo hilo; leo wasemaji wa Kitemne ni kundi muhimu la kisiasa na kitamaduni nchini Sierra Leone.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kithemne
Maji
mant
/mant/
Moto
anang
/anaŋ/
Jua
arɛ
/arɛ/
Mwezi
arai
/arai/
Nyota
woray
/woraj/
Mama
ya
/ja/
Baba
pa
/pa/
Mimi
mi
/mi/
Wewe
mʌ
/mʌ/
Jina
es
/ɛs/
Jicho
ari
/ari/
Mkono
anpa
/anpa/
Moyo
ka-yɔn
/kajɔn/
Upendo
ka-haŋkə
/kahaŋkə/
Mti
kʌ-ant
/kʌant/
Nyumba
anseth
/ansetʰ/
Mbwa
kabul
/kabul/
Paka
kanaŋ
/kanaŋ/
Kula
ði
/ði/
Kunywa
di
/di/
Moja
piɲ
/piɲ/
Mbili
ka-rəŋ
/rəŋ/
Habari
seke
/seke/
Asante
sɔŋ
/sɔŋ/
Nzuri
lɔŋ
/lɔŋ/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Atlantic-Congo (Mel) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kithemne | Kiaukan | Kisranan Tongo | Kimeta | Tok Pisin | Kikrio | Kikorea (Yanbian) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | mant /mant/ | watra /watra/ | watra /watra/ | mə /mə/ | wara /waɾa/ | wata /ˈwata/ | 물 /mul/ |
| Moto | anang /anaŋ/ | faya /faja/ | faya /faja/ | mɔŋ /mɔŋ/ | paia /paja/ | faya /ˈfaja/ | 불 /pul/ |
| Jua | arɛ /arɛ/ | son /soŋ/ | son /son/ | nyam /ɲam/ | san /san/ | san /san/ | 해 /hɛ/ |
| Mwezi | arai /arai/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | nuŋ /nuŋ/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | 달 /tal/ |
| Nyota | woray /woraj/ | sitari /siˈtari/ | stari /ˈstari/ | ntsə́ /ntsə́/ | sta /sta/ | star /staː/ | 별 /pjʌl/ |
| Mama | ya /ja/ | mma /mːa/ | mama /mama/ | ma /ma/ | mama /mama/ | mama /ˈmama/ | 오마니 /omani/ |
| Baba | pa /pa/ | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | ta /ta/ | papa /papa/ | papa /ˈpapa/ | 아바이 /abai/ |
| Mimi | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mə̀ /mə̀/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | 나 /na/ |
| Wewe | mʌ /mʌ/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | ò /ò/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | 너 /nʌ/ |
| Jina | es /ɛs/ | nen /nɛn/ | nen /nɛn/ | ə́ɲə́ /ə́ɲə́/ | nem /nem/ | nem /nɛm/ | 이름 /iɾɯm/ |
| Jicho | ari /ari/ | ai /ai/ | ai /ai/ | dzi /dzi/ | ai /aj/ | ay /aj/ | 눈 /nun/ |
| Mkono | anpa /anpa/ | ana /ana/ | anu /anu/ | boa /boa/ | han /han/ | an /an/ | 손 /son/ |
| Moyo | ka-yɔn /kajɔn/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | mu /mu/ | bel /bel/ | at /at/ | 마음 /maɯm/ |
| Upendo | ka-haŋkə /kahaŋkə/ | lobi /lobi/ | lobi /lobi/ | kɔŋ /kɔŋ/ | laikim /lajkim/ | lɛk /lɛk/ | 사랑 /saɾaŋ/ |
| Mti | kʌ-ant /kʌant/ | bon /boŋ/ | bon /boŋ/ | ti /ti/ | diwai /diwaj/ | tik /tik/ | 나무 /namu/ |
| Nyumba | anseth /ansetʰ/ | osu /osu/ | oso /oso/ | nda /nda/ | haus /haʊs/ | os /ɔs/ | 집 /tɕip̚/ |
| Mbwa | kabul /kabul/ | dagu /daɡu/ | dagu /daɡu/ | mbu /mbu/ | dok /dok/ | dɔg /dɔɡ/ | 개 /kɛ/ |
| Paka | kanaŋ /kanaŋ/ | poesi /pusi/ | poesi /pusi/ | guŋ /ɡuŋ/ | pusi /pusi/ | pus /pus/ | 고양이 /kojaŋi/ |
| Kula | ði /ði/ | nyan /ɲaŋ/ | nyan /ɲan/ | mé /me/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ | it /it/ | 먹어 /mʌɡʌ/ |
| Kunywa | di /di/ | diingi /diːŋi/ | dringi /driŋi/ | nyo /ɲo/ | dring /dɾiŋ/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | 마셔 /maɕjʌ/ |
| Moja | piɲ /piɲ/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | mɔ /mɔ/ | wanpela /wanpɛla/ | wan /wan/ | 하나 /hana/ |
| Mbili | ka-rəŋ /rəŋ/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | bɛ́ /bɛ́/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | 둘 /tul/ |
| Habari | seke /seke/ | fa yu de /fa ju de/ | odi /odi/ | mɔlɔŋ /mɔlɔŋ/ | halo /halo/ | kushɛ /kuˈʃɛ/ | 안녕하십니까 /annjʌŋhaɕimnik͈a/ |
| Asante | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | gaantangi /ɡaːntaŋi/ | grantangi /ɡrantaŋi/ | nfɔn /nfɔn/ | tenkyu /tɛŋkju/ | tɛnki /ˈtɛŋki/ | 고맙습니다 /komap̚s͈ɯmnida/ |
| Nzuri | lɔŋ /lɔŋ/ | boon /boːŋ/ | bun /bun/ | mwa /mwa/ | gutpela /ɡutpɛla/ | gud /ɡud/ | 좋아 /tɕoa/ |
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