isiNdebele
Kindebele cha Kaskazini
Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Nguni)
Kindebele cha Kaskazini (isiNdebele) ni lugha kuu ya Kinguni cha Kibantu nchini Zimbabwe, kinachozungumzwa zaidi katika Matabeleland huku Bulawayo ikiwa kitovu chake cha kitamaduni. Kinatokana na uhamiaji wa karne ya 19 wa watu wa Kinguni wa Mzilikazi kutoka kaskazini mwa Afrika Kusini, jambo linalokifanya kuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Kizulu (zu). Kinatofautiana na Kindebele cha Kusini (nbl) cha Afrika Kusini, ambacho kilijitenga mapema zaidi na kukua chini ya mazingira tofauti ya mguso. Kinatambuliwa kama mojawapo ya lugha rasmi 16 za Zimbabwe chini ya katiba ya mwaka 2013.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kindebele cha Kaskazini
Maji
amanzi
/amanzi/
Moto
umlilo
/umlilo/
Jua
ilanga
/ilaŋɡa/
Mwezi
inyanga
/iɲaŋɡa/
Nyota
inkanyezi
/iŋkaɲezi/
Mama
umama
/umama/
Baba
ubaba
/uɓaɓa/
Mimi
mina
/mina/
Wewe
wena
/wena/
Jina
ibizo
/ibizo/
Jicho
ilihlo
/iliɬo/
Mkono
isandla
/isandɮa/
Moyo
inhliziyo
/inɬizijo/
Upendo
uthando
/utʰando/
Mti
isihlahla
/isiɬaɬa/
Nyumba
indlu
/indɮu/
Mbwa
inja
/indʒa/
Paka
ikati
/ikati/
Kula
ukudla
/ukuɮa/
Kunywa
ukunatha
/ukunatʰa/
Moja
nye
/ɲe/
Mbili
kubili
/kubili/
Habari
salibonani
/saliɓonani/
Asante
ngiyabonga
/ŋijaɓoŋɡa/
Nzuri
kuhle
/kuɬe/
Kekeo
inkanku
/iⁿˈkaŋku/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Nguni) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kindebele cha Kaskazini | Kindebele cha Kusini | Kizulu | Kiswati | Kixhosa | Kitsonga | Kilozi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | amanzi /amanzi/ | emanti /emanti/ | amanzi /amaːnzi/ | mati /mati/ | mezi /mezi/ |
| Moto | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ |
| Jua | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaŋɡa/ | lilanga /lilaŋɡa/ | ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | lizazi /lizazi/ |
| Mwezi | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ | inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/ | n'weti /ŋweti/ | kweli /kweli/ |
| Nyota | inkanyezi /iŋkaɲezi/ | inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/ | inkanyezi /iŋkaˈɲeːzi/ | inkhanyeti /iŋkʰaɲeti/ | inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | naleli /naleli/ |
| Mama | umama /umama/ | umma /umma/ | umama /umama/ | make /make/ | umama /umaːma/ | manana /manana/ | ma /ma/ |
| Baba | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | ubaba /uɓaɓa/ | babe /ɓaɓe/ | utata /utaːta/ | tatana /tatana/ | ndate /ndate/ |
| Mimi | mina /mina/ | mina /mina/ | mina /ˈmiːna/ | mine /míne/ | mna /mna/ | mina /mina/ | na /na/ |
| Wewe | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /ˈweːna/ | wena /wéna/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ |
| Jina | ibizo /ibizo/ | ibizo /ibizo/ | igama /iˈɡaːma/ | libito /libiːto/ | igama /iɡaːma/ | vito /vito/ | libizo /libizo/ |
| Jicho | ilihlo /iliɬo/ | ihlo /iɬo/ | iso /iso/ | liso /liso/ | iliso /iliso/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ |
| Mkono | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | sandla /sandɮa/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | voko /voko/ | lizoho /lizoho/ |
| Moyo | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | ihliziyo /iɬizijo/ | inhliziyo /inɬizijo/ | inhlitiyo /inɬitijo/ | intliziyo /intɬizijo/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | pilu /pilu/ |
| Upendo | uthando /utʰando/ | ithando /itʰando/ | uthando /utʰando/ | lutsandvo /lutsandwo/ | uthando /utʰando/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | lilato /lilato/ |
| Mti | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | umuthi /umutʰi/ | isihlahla /isiɬaɬa/ | sihlahla /siɬaɬa/ | umthi /umtʰi/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | kota /kota/ |
| Nyumba | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | ndu /ndu/ |
| Mbwa | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | inja /indʒa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | nja /ndʒa/ |
| Paka | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | ikati /ikati/ | likati /likati/ | ikati /ikati/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | kaze /kaze/ |
| Kula | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | ukudla /ukuɮa/ | kudla /kuɮa/ | ukutya /ukutʲa/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kuca /kutsa/ |
| Kunywa | ukunatha /ukunatʰa/ | ukusela /ukusela/ | ukuphuza /ukupʰuza/ | kunatsa /kunatsa/ | ukusela /ukusɛla/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Moja | nye /ɲe/ | nye /ɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ | inye /iɲɛ/ | rin'we /riŋwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ |
| Mbili | kubili /kubili/ | kubili /kubili/ | kubili /kuˈɓili/ | kubili /kubiːli/ | mbini /mbiːni/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | peli /peli/ |
| Habari | salibonani /saliɓonani/ | lotjhani /lotʃʰani/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ | molo /molo/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | eni sha /ɛni ʃa/ |
| Asante | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyathokoza /ŋijatʰokoza/ | ngiyabonga /ŋɡijaɓoŋɡa/ | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ | enkosi /ɛnkosi/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ |
| Nzuri | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ | lungile /luŋɡilɛ/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | nde /nde/ |
| Kekeo | inkanku /iⁿˈkaŋku/ | — | uphezukomkhono /upʰɛzukomˈkʰono/ | phezukwemkhono /pʰɛzukwɛmˈkʰono/ | uphezukomkhono /upʰɛzukomˈkʰono/ | ngwafalantala /ŋʷafalanˈtala/ | — |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.