Guugu Yimidhirr
Kiguugu yimithirr
Pama-Nyunga (tawi la Kipaman, mashariki mwa Cape York)
Guugu Yimithirr (pia Guugu Yimidhirr; ISO 639-3: kky) ni lugha ya tawi la Paman katika familia ya Pama-Nyungan, iliyozungumzwa kijadi katika ardhi inayozunguka Mto Endeavour, kaskazini kabisa mwa Queensland nchini Australia. Leo matumizi yake yamejikita Hope Vale na jamii za karibu kaskazini mwa Cooktown. Lugha hii inajulikana sana kwa mfumo wa marejeo ya nafasi unaotumia mara nyingi mielekeo kamili ya dira kama kaskazini na kusini pale ambapo lugha nyingi hutumia istilahi zinazomtegemea msemaji kama kushoto na kulia. Utafiti wa mfumo huu umeifanya Guugu Yimithirr kuwa muhimu katika tafiti za lugha, utambuzi na uelekeo wa nafasi. Neno la Kiingereza kangaroo linatokana na gangurru la Guugu Yimithirr, lililorekodiwa kutoka kwa wazungumzaji wa eneo hilo na wanachama wa msafara wa James Cook kwenye Mto Endeavour mwaka 1770.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiguugu yimithirr
Maji
buurraay
/buːraːj/
Moto
—
/—/
Jua
ngalan
/ŋalan/
Mwezi
giitha
/ɡiːt̪a/
Nyota
biidhi
/biːt̪i/
Mama
ngamu
/ŋamu/
Baba
biiba
/biːba/
Mimi
ngayu
/ŋaju/
Wewe
nyundu
/ɲundu/
Jina
gadil
/ˈkatil/
Jicho
miil
/miːl/
Mkono
mungal
/muŋal/
Moyo
—
/—/
Upendo
—
/—/
Mti
yugu
/juɡu/
Nyumba
bayan
/bajan/
Mbwa
gudaa
/ɡudaː/
Paka
buthigan
/but̪iɡan/
Kula
budal
/budal/
Kunywa
—
/—/
Moja
nubuun
/nubuːn/
Mbili
gudhirra
/kut̪ira/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Nzuri
awuun
/awuːn/
Vyanzo
- Haviland (1979) "Guugu Yimidhirr" in Dixon & Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian Languages vol. 1, pp.27-180
- Haviland (1979) Guugu Yimidhirr Sketch Grammar (ANU Press)
- Levinson (1992, 1997) "Language and Cognition: The Cognitive Consequences of Spatial Description in Guugu Yimithirr" J. Linguistic Anthropology 7:1
- Glottolog: Guugu Yimithirr (gugu1255)
- Ethnologue: kky
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Pama-Nyungan (Paman, eastern Cape York) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiguugu yimithirr | Kiluvian | Kilardil | Kiyangkaal | Kipyu | Kibidayuh-Bukar | Kiwalmajarri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | buurraay /buːraːj/ | wār /waːr/ | kantha /kanθa/ | ngogo /ŋoɡo/ | ʔuy /uj/ | piin /piːn/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ |
| Moto | — /—/ | — /—/ | jalul /dʒalul/ | ngida /ŋida/ | vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ | apui /aˈpui/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ |
| Jua | ngalan /ŋalan/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | thurara /θuɾaɾa/ | wargu /waɾɡu/ | ño /ɲo/ | biduh /biˈduh/ | ngalyarra /ŋaˈʎara/ |
| Mwezi | giitha /ɡiːt̪a/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | waldar /waldaɾ/ | hla /hla/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | pira /ˈpira/ |
| Nyota | biidhi /biːt̪i/ | — /—/ | kambin /kambin/ | thurara /t̪uɾaɾa/ | kar /karʔ/ | bitun /bitun/ | wirl /wiɭ/ |
| Mama | ngamu /ŋamu/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngama /ŋama/ | na /na/ | sindo /sinˈdoʔ/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ |
| Baba | biiba /biːba/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | — /—/ | kanda /kanda/ | paʔ /paʔ/ | samah /saˈmah/ | kirta /ˈkiʈa/ |
| Mimi | ngayu /ŋaju/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ŋa /ŋa/ | aku /aku/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ |
| Wewe | nyundu /ɲundu/ | tu /tu/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | naŋ /naŋ/ | muh /muh/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Jina | gadil /ˈkatil/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | wangalk /waŋalk/ | warra /wara/ | miŋ /miŋ/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | yini /jini/ |
| Jicho | miil /miːl/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | mela /mela/ | miibul /miːbul/ | mik /mik/ | bateh /baˈteh/ | purlka /ˈpuɭka/ |
| Mkono | mungal /muŋal/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | marra /maɾa/ | — /—/ | lak /lak/ | təŋən /tə̆ˈŋən/ | marnin /ˈmaɳin/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kurturlu /kuɭˈtuɭu/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | yugu /juɡu/ | — /—/ | tungal /tuŋal/ | — /—/ | siŋ /siŋ/ | kayuh /kaˈjuh/ | watiya /waˈtija/ |
| Nyumba | bayan /bajan/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | vaiŋ /waiŋ/ | ramin /raˈmin/ | ngurra /ˈŋura/ |
| Mbwa | gudaa /ɡudaː/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | ngawu /ŋawu/ | — /—/ | kwiy /kwij/ | kaso /kaˈsoʔ/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ |
| Paka | buthigan /but̪iɡan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | budal /budal/ | ad- /ad/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | — /—/ | cyaʔ /tɕaʔ/ | kuman /kuˈman/ | nga- /ŋa/ |
| Kunywa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ŋinum /ŋiˈnum/ | nga- /ŋa/ |
| Moja | nubuun /nubuːn/ | — /—/ | kunngirr /kuŋŋir/ | — /—/ | te /te/ | isaʔ /iˈsaʔ/ | kanyjarra /kaɲˈɟara/ |
| Mbili | gudhirra /kut̪ira/ | — /—/ | kiyarrng /kijaraŋ/ | kiyarrngka /kijaraŋka/ | nit /nit/ | duɔh /duɔh/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | awuun /awuːn/ | wasu- /ˈwaːsu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | biis /biːs/ | ngurnu /ˈŋuɳu/ |
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