Early Moderne English
Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Mapema
Indo-European (Germanic, West, Anglic) · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Early Modern English (c. 1500–1700) is the pedagogical reconstruction of the English of Shakespeare's First Folio (1623), the King James Bible (1611), Marlowe, Donne, Jonson, and Milton. Distinguished from Middle English (enm) by the Great Vowel Shift (in progress), loss of most inflections, fixed SVO word order, and standardization following Caxton's printing press (1476). Pronunciation reconstructions follow David Crystal's Original Pronunciation (OP) work used by Shakespeare's Globe Theatre: long /aː oː/ partially shifted, /iː uː/ becoming diphthongs, pre-FOOT-STRUT split ("sun" = /sʊn/), rhotic /r/ in all positions, /eː/ for modern /iː/ in "meat/sea". The form taught in classrooms worldwide for reading Shakespeare and the KJV — distinct from any single 17c. regional vernacular, which varied enormously between London, the Midlands, and the West Country.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Mapema
Maji
water
/ˈwætər/
Moto
fyre
/fəir/
Jua
sunne
/sʊn/
Mwezi
moone
/muːn/
Mama
mother
/ˈmʊðər/
Baba
father
/ˈfɑːðər/
Kula
eate
/eːt/
Kunywa
drinke
/driŋk/
Upendo
loue
/lʊv/
Moyo
heart
/hɛrt/
Mti
tree
/triː/
Nyumba
house
/huːs/
Mbwa
dogge
/dɔɡ/
Paka
cat
/kat/
Mkono
hand
/hand/
Jicho
eye
/əi/
Habari
good den
/ɡuːd dɛn/
Asante
gramercy
/ɡraˈmɛrsi/
Moja
one
/oːn/
Nzuri
good
/ɡʊːd/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Indo-European (Germanic, West, Anglic) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Mapema | Kiingereza (Kiayalandi) | Kiingereza (Yorkshire) | Kiingereza (Uskoti) | Kiingereza cha Kati | Kiingereza | Kiskoti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwætər/ | water /wɑːtəɹ/ | water /wɔːtə/ | water /wɔːtəɹ/ | water /watər/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | watter /wɑtəɹ/ |
| Moto | fyre /fəir/ | fire /fɑɪəɹ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɹ/ | fyr /fyːr/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fəiɹ/ |
| Jua | sunne /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sonne /sɔnːə/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moone /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | mone /moːnə/ | moon /muːn/ | muin /mɪn/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʊðər/ | mother /mʊðəɹ/ | mother /mʊðə/ | mother /mʌðəɹ/ | moder /moːdər/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mither /mɪðəɹ/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfɑːðər/ | father /fɑːðəɹ/ | father /fɑːðə/ | father /fɑːðəɹ/ | fader /faːdər/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | faither /feðəɹ/ |
| Kula | eate /eːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eten /eːtən/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drinke /driŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drinken /drɪŋkən/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /drɪŋk/ |
| Upendo | loue /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊvə/ | love /lʌv/ | luve /lʌv/ |
| Moyo | heart /hɛrt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑɹt/ | herte /hɛrtə/ | heart /hɑːt/ | hert /hɛɹt/ |
| Mti | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tre /treː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /triː/ |
| Nyumba | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /hʌus/ | hous /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | hoose /huːs/ |
| Mbwa | dogge /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | hound /huːnd/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dug /dʌɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | catte /katːə/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ | haund /hɑːnd/ |
| Jicho | eye /əi/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /iːə/ | eye /aɪ/ | ee /iː/ |
| Habari | good den /ɡuːd dɛn/ | hello /hɛloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /hɛlo/ | hail /hɛːl/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hullo /hʌlo/ |
| Asante | gramercy /ɡraˈmɛrsi/ | thanks /taŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | gramercy /ɡraːmɛrsiː/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Moja | one /oːn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ | oon /oːn/ | one /wʌn/ | ane /en/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊːd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡoːd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | guid /ɡɪd/ |
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