Early Moderne English
Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Mapema
Kihindi-Ulaya (Kijerumani, Magharibi, tawi la Kiangliki) · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Awali (takriban 1500-1700) ni ujenzi upya wa kielimu wa Kiingereza cha First Folio ya Shakespeare (1623), Biblia ya King James (1611), Marlowe, Donne, Jonson, na Milton. Hutofautishwa na Kiingereza cha Kati (enm) kwa Mhamo Mkuu wa Vokali (uliokuwa unaendelea), upotevu wa minyumbuliko mingi, mpangilio thabiti wa maneno wa SVO, na usanifishaji uliofuata mtambo wa uchapishaji wa Caxton (1476). Ujenzi upya wa matamshi hufuata kazi ya David Crystal kuhusu Matamshi ya Awali (OP) yanayotumiwa na Shakespeare's Globe Theatre: /aː oː/ ndefu zilizohama kwa sehemu, /iː uː/ zikiwa diphthongi, hali ya kabla ya mgawanyiko wa FOOT-STRUT ("sun" = /sʊn/), /r/ rotiki katika nafasi zote, /eː/ badala ya /iː/ ya kisasa katika "meat/sea". Ni umbo linalofundishwa katika madarasa duniani kote kwa kusoma Shakespeare na KJV — tofauti na lahaja yoyote moja ya kieneo ya karne ya 17, ambayo ilitofautiana sana kati ya London, Midlands, na West Country.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Mapema
Maji
water
/ˈwætər/
Moto
fyre
/fəir/
Jua
sunne
/sʊn/
Mwezi
moone
/muːn/
Nyota
star
/staːɹ/
Mama
mother
/ˈmʊðər/
Baba
father
/ˈfɑːðər/
Mimi
I
/əi/
Wewe
thou
/ðou/
Jina
name
/neːm/
Jicho
eye
/əi/
Mkono
hand
/hand/
Moyo
heart
/hɛrt/
Upendo
loue
/lʊv/
Mti
tree
/triː/
Nyumba
house
/huːs/
Mbwa
dogge
/dɔɡ/
Paka
cat
/kat/
Kula
eate
/eːt/
Kunywa
drinke
/driŋk/
Moja
one
/oːn/
Mbili
two
/tuː/
Habari
good den
/ɡuːd dɛn/
Asante
gramercy
/ɡraˈmɛrsi/
Nzuri
good
/ɡʊːd/
Kekeo
cuckoo
/ˈkʊkuː/
Kompyuta
computer
/kɔmˈpiu̯tər/
Sushi
stockfish
/ˈstɒkfɪʃ/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Indo-European (Germanic, West, Anglic) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiingereza cha Kisasa cha Mapema | Kiingereza (Geordie) | Kiingereza (Kiayalandi) | Kiingereza (Yorkshire) | Kiingereza (Uskoti) | Kiingereza (Brummie) | Kiingereza (Kiwelshi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwætər/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɑːtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fyre /fəir/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪəɹ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɹ/ | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sunne /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moone /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /staɾ/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʊðər/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfɑːðər/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðəɹ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðəɹ/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Mimi | I /əi/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aː/ | I /ʌi/ | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | thou /ðou/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ |
| Jina | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nem/ | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Jicho | eye /əi/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ |
| Moyo | heart /hɛrt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑɹt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ |
| Upendo | loue /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Nyumba | house /huːs/ | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ | house /hʌus/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Mbwa | dogge /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ |
| Kula | eate /eːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drinke /driŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Moja | one /oːn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tˠuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Habari | good den /ɡuːd dɛn/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /hɛˈloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | hello /hɛˈlo/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Asante | gramercy /ɡraˈmɛrsi/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊːd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Kekeo | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | — | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | — | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Kompyuta | computer /kɔmˈpiu̯tər/ | — | computer /kəmˈpjuːtəɾ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjutər/ | — | computer /kəmˈpjuːtər/ |
| Sushi | stockfish /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/ | — | sushi /ˈsuːʃiː/ | sushi /ˈsuːʃɪ/ | sushi /ˈsʉʃi/ | — | sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ |
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