Kisukuma
Сукума
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sukuma-Nyamwezi)
Sukuma (Kisukuma) is the largest single Bantu language of Tanzania by L1 speakers, with ~5M speakers spoken predominantly in the Lake Victoria region — Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Geita and Simiyu regions. The Sukuma people are Tanzania's largest ethnic group, around 16% of the national population. The language has tone (high-low contrast on stems and tense-aspect markers) and Bantu noun-class agreement (~18 classes); it is closely related to Nyamwezi (nym), with which it forms a dialect continuum, classified together as Bantu Zone F21. Despite the large speaker community, Swahili (sw) dominates education, media, and government across Tanzania, and Sukuma has limited written tradition or media presence.
Где на нём говорят
20 основных слов на языке Сукума
Вода
minzi
/minzi/
Огонь
moto
/moto/
Солнце
ilyuva
/iʎuβa/
Луна
ng'wezi
/ŋweːzi/
Мать
mayu
/maju/
Отец
baba
/baba/
Есть
kulya
/kuʎa/
Пить
kuhwa
/kuhwa/
Любовь
butogwa
/butoɡwa/
Сердце
ngholo
/ŋɡoːlo/
Дерево
mti
/mti/
Дом
kaya
/kaja/
Собака
mbwa
/mbwa/
Кошка
kalulu
/kalulu/
Рука
nkhono
/ŋkono/
Глаз
liso
/liso/
Привет
mwangaluka
/mwaŋɡaluka/
Спасибо
nakulumba
/nakulumba/
Один
imo
/imo/
Хороший
shihi
/ʃihi/
Источники
- Glottolog: Sukuma
- Ethnologue: suk
- Maganga & Schadeberg (1992) Kanuri Comparative Lexicon (Sukuma section)
Сравнение слов
Сравнение с родственными языками Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sukuma-Nyamwezi)
| Значение | Сукума | Ньямвези | Маконде | Шамбала | Сангу | Сена | Яо |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Вода | minzi /minzi/ | minzi /minzi/ | mashi /maʃi/ | mazi /mazi/ | ameenzi /ameːnzi/ | madzi /madzi/ | mesi /mesi/ |
| Огонь | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | umoto /umoto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| Солнце | ilyuva /iʎuβa/ | izuba /izuβa/ | lyuva /ʎuβa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | liluga /liluɡa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | lyuwa /ʎuwa/ |
| Луна | ng'wezi /ŋweːzi/ | ng'wezi /ŋweːzi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | umwesi /umwesi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwesi /mwesi/ |
| Мать | mayu /maju/ | mayu /majʊ/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mai /mai/ | amao /amaː/ |
| Отец | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | atati /atati/ |
| Есть | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuya /kuja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| Пить | kuhwa /kuhwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Любовь | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | kwenda /kwenda/ | ulungu /uluŋɡu/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| Сердце | ngholo /ŋɡoːlo/ | mtima /mtima/ | mtima /mtima/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /mtima/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| Дерево | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | mtela /mtela/ |
| Дом | kaya /kaja/ | kaya /kaja/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | inyumba /iɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Собака | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Кошка | kalulu /kalulu/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Рука | nkhono /ŋkono/ | ikobo /ikoβo/ | nkono /nkono/ | ukono /ukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | nkono /nkono/ | ngaila /ŋɡaila/ |
| Глаз | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | izo /izo/ | iliho /iliho/ | diso /diso/ | liso /liso/ |
| Привет | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | mbasala /mbasala/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | salama /salama/ |
| Спасибо | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | asante /asante/ | nashukulu /naʃukulu/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | nakwete /nakwete/ |
| Один | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | nimo /nimo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | posi /posi/ | mo /mo/ |
| Хороший | shihi /ʃihi/ | lihi /lihi/ | shibwana /ʃibwana/ | hedi /hedi/ | kwifwa /kwifwa/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chechete /tʃetʃete/ |
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