Proto-Mayan
Proto-maya
Protolingua (ricostruita) · varietà storica / nascosta
Il proto-maya è l’antenato ricostruito della famiglia maya della Mesoamerica (una trentina di lingue tra cui kʼicheʼ, yucateco e mam). È collocato negli altopiani del Guatemala intorno al 2200–2000 a.C. ed è ben ricostruito grazie a un dettagliato lavoro comparativo.
Dove si parla
31 parole essenziali in Proto-maya
Acqua
*haʔ
/haʔ/
Fuoco
*qʼaaqʼ
/qʼaaqʼ/
Sole
*qʼiinh
/qʼiinh/
Luna
*uːh
/uːh/
Stella
*eʼq
/eʼq/
Madre
*naʔ
/naʔ/
Padre
*taat
/taat/
Io
*in
/in/
Tu
—
/—/
Nome
*bʼih
/bʼih/
Occhio
—
/—/
Mano
*qʼabʼ
/qʼabʼ/
Cuore
—
/—/
Amore
—
/—/
Albero
*teʔ
/teʔ/
Casa
*nah
/nah/
Cane
*tzʼiʔ
/tzʼiʔ/
Gatto
—
/—/
Mangiare
—
/—/
Bere
*ʔukʼ
/ʔukʼ/
Uno
*jun
/jun/
Due
*kaʼ
/kaʼ/
Ciao
—
/—/
Grazie
—
/—/
Buono
*utz
/utz/
Fonti
- Kaufman & Norman (1984) An outline of Proto-Cholan phonology, morphology and vocabulary
- Kaufman (2003) A Preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Proto-language (reconstructed) correlate
| Significato | Proto-maya | Uspanteko | Maya itzá | Kʼicheʼ | Iberico | Etrusco | Messapico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | *haʔ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fuoco | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sole | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | — /—/ | usil /ˈuzil/ | — /—/ |
| Luna | *uːh /uːh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | uj /uh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | — /—/ | tiur /ˈtiur/ | — /—/ |
| Stella | *eʼq /eʼq/ | ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Madre | *naʔ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | — /—/ | ati /ˈati/ | — /—/ |
| Padre | *taat /taat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | — /—/ | apa /ˈapa/ | ana /ˈana/ |
| Io | *in /in/ | in /in/ | ten /ten/ | in /in/ | — /—/ | mi /mi/ | — /—/ |
| Tu | — /—/ | at /at/ | tech /tetʃ/ | at /at/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | *bʼih /bʼih/ | b'ii /ɓiː/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Occhio | — /—/ | wach /watʃ/ | ich /itʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mano | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cuore | — /—/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | *teʔ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Casa | *nah /nah/ | jaa /haː/ | nah /nah/ | ja /xa/ | iltiŕ /iltir̥/ | śuthi /ˈsuθi/ | — /—/ |
| Cane | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mangiare | — /—/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | jant /hant/ | tijow /tixow/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bere | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Uno | *jun /jun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | ban /ban/ | thu /θu/ | — /—/ |
| Due | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | quiib' /kiːɓ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | bi /bi/ | zal /tsal/ | — /—/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | *utz /utz/ | utz /uts/ | malobʼ /malob/ | utz /uts/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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