Tupinambá / Nhe'engatú
Bahasa Tupinambá
Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III) · varietas historis / tersembunyi
Tupinambá (Old Tupi) was the dominant indigenous language of the Brazilian coast at European contact and the basis of the Jesuit Língua Geral that served as Brazil's colonial lingua franca into the 18th century. Typologically Tupi-Guarani: agglutinative, head-marking, with active-stative alignment and pervasive nasal harmony; its first grammar (Anchieta, 1595) is the earliest description of any South American language. It survives lexically in thousands of Brazilian Portuguese loanwords and place-names (Ipanema, Paraná, jaguar, piranha).
Tempat dituturkan
20 kata inti dalam Bahasa Tupinambá
Air
'y
/ʔɨ/
Api
tatá
/taˈta/
Matahari
kuarasy
/kwaɾaˈsɨ/
Bulan
iasy
/jaˈsɨ/
Ibu
sy
/sɨ/
Ayah
tuba
/ˈtuβa/
Makan
'u
/ʔu/
Minum
'u
/ʔu/
Cinta
aûsub
/aˈwsuβ/
Hati
nhe'ã
/ɲẽˈʔã/
Pohon
yby'rá
/ɨβɨˈɾa/
Rumah
oka
/ˈoka/
Anjing
îagûara
/jaˈɣwaɾa/
Kucing
marakaîá
/maɾakaˈja/
Tangan
pó
/po/
Mata
t-esá
/teˈsa/
Halo
ereîubé
/eɾejuˈβe/
Terima kasih
—
/—/
Satu
oîepé
/ojeˈpe/
Baik
katu
/kaˈtu/
Sumber
- Anchieta, José de (1595) Arte de Grammatica da Lingoa Mais Usada na Costa do Brasil. Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz.
- Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (1998/2013) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. São Paulo: Global.
- Rodrigues, Aryon Dall'Igna (1981) Estrutura do Tupinambá. In Lenguas Indígenas de America del Sur.
- Barbosa, A. Lemos (1956) Curso de Tupi Antigo. Rio de Janeiro: São José.
- Glottolog: Tupinamba
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III) terkait
| Arti | Bahasa Tupinambá | Guaraní | Bahasa Nheengatu | bahasa Maguindanao | Bahasa Kavalan | Bahasa Makasae | Bahasa Yunani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | 'y /ʔɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | ig /iɡ/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | ira /ˈira/ | νερό /neˈɾo/ |
| Api | tatá /taˈta/ | tata /tata/ | tatá /tata/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ramax /raˈmax/ | ata /ˈata/ | φωτιά /foˈtʲa/ |
| Matahari | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | siban /siˈban/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | ήλιος /ˈiʎos/ |
| Bulan | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | buran /buˈran/ | uru /ˈuru/ | φεγγάρι /feˈŋɡaɾi/ |
| Ibu | sy /sɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | mãi /mãi/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | ina /ˈina/ | μητέρα /miˈteɾa/ |
| Ayah | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | túva /tuva/ | paiá /paja/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | tama /ˈtama/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | πατέρας /paˈteɾas/ |
| Makan | 'u /ʔu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | ku /ku/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | quman /quˈman/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | τρώω /ˈtɾo.o/ |
| Minum | 'u /ʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yú /jú/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | πίνω /ˈpino/ |
| Cinta | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | saysu /sajsu/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | αγάπη /aˈɣapi/ |
| Hati | nhe'ã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | py'ã /pɨʔã/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | καρδιά /kaɾˈðʲa/ |
| Pohon | yby'rá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | mira-vra /miɾavɾa/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | ate /ˈate/ | δέντρο /ˈðendɾo/ |
| Rumah | oka /ˈoka/ | óga /oɡa/ | oka /oka/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | oma /ˈoma/ | σπίτι /ˈspiti/ |
| Anjing | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | σκύλος /ˈskilos/ |
| Kucing | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | mariwa /maɾiwa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | γάτα /ˈɣata/ |
| Tangan | pó /po/ | po /po/ | pó /po/ | lima /liˈma/ | rima /riˈma/ | tana /ˈtana/ | χέρι /ˈçeɾi/ |
| Mata | t-esá /teˈsa/ | tesa /tesa/ | sesa /sesa/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ | nana /ˈnana/ | μάτι /ˈmati/ |
| Halo | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | γεια σου /ˈʝa su/ |
| Terima kasih | — /—/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | katu /katu/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ευχαριστώ /efxaɾiˈsto/ |
| Satu | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | yepé /jepe/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | issa /ˈissa/ | u /ʔu/ | ένα /ˈena/ |
| Baik | katu /kaˈtu/ | porã /poɾã/ | katu /katu/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | — /—/ | rau /rau/ | καλό /kaˈlo/ |
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