ლუშნუ ნინ

Svane

Kartvelian (Svan branch — sister to Zan-Georgian)

FamilleKartvelian (Svan branch — sister to Zan-Georgian) Locuteurs~14K-30K ÉcritureGeorgian (Mkhedruli; rarely-used Latin transliteration in academic contexts) PaysGeorgia (Svaneti — Mestia, Lentekhi) Langue officielleNo (Georgia recognizes as historic regional language) Vitalitévulnerable ISO 639-3sva

Svan (ლუშნუ ნინ Lušnu Nin, "Svan tongue") is the most divergent of the four Kartvelian languages — the first to branch off from Proto-Kartvelian (~3000-2000 BCE), making it sister to the Zan-Georgian branch (Georgian, Mingrelian, Laz). Svan retains archaic features lost in other Kartvelian languages, including a four-vowel system with phonemic length and pharyngeal consonants. Spoken in the high mountain valleys of Svaneti in NW Georgia, the Svan-speaking community has historically been geographically isolated, contributing to the language's preservation alongside heavy code-switching with Standard Georgian today. Listed as definitely endangered by UNESCO.

Où elle est parlée

20 mots essentiels en Svane

Eau

ლიც

/lit͡sʼ/

Feu

ლემესგ

/lemesɡ/

Soleil

მიჟ

/miʒ/

Lune

დოშდულ

/doʃdul/

Mère

დი

/di/

Père

ფუ

/pʰu/

Manger

ჭიმედ

/tʃʼimed/

Boire

ლიშგი

/liʃɡi/

Amour

ხოჩა

/xotʃa/

Cœur

ლიე

/lie/

Arbre

ხან

/xan/

Maison

კოჯ

/kʼodʒ/

Chien

ჯეღ

/dʒeʁ/

Chat

ფისკ

/pʰisk/

Main

შდიხ

/ʃdix/

Œil

ნებო

/nebo/

Bonjour

ხოჩაპ

/xotʃapʰ/

Merci

ხოჩამდ

/xotʃamd/

Un

ეშხუ

/eʃxu/

Bon

ხოჩა

/xotʃa/

Sources

Mots comparés

Comparé aux langues Kartvelian (Svan branch — sister to Zan-Georgian) apparentées

Sens SvaneShipibo-ConibosquamishlezghienGéorgienmingrélienHébreu
Eau ლიც /lit͡sʼ/ jene /xene/ stáḵw /staqʷ/ яд /jad/ წყალი /t͡sʼqʼali/ წყარი /tsʼqʼari/ מים /majim/
Feu ლემესგ /lemesɡ/ chii /tʃiː/ sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ цӏай /tsʼaj/ ცეცხლი /t͡set͡sxli/ დაჩხირი /datʃxiri/ אש /eʃ/
Soleil მიჟ /miʒ/ bari /bari/ snexwílh /snexʷiɬ/ рагъ /raʁ/ მზე /mze/ ბჟა /bʒa/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/
Lune დოშდულ /doʃdul/ oxe /oʃe/ lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ варз /varz/ მთვარე /mtʰvare/ თუთა /tʰutʰa/ ירח /jaˈʁeaχ/
Mère დი /di/ tita /tita/ sma /sma/ диде /dide/ დედა /deda/ დიდა /dida/ אמא /ima/
Père ფუ /pʰu/ papa /papa/ smas /smas/ буба /buba/ მამა /mama/ მუმა /muma/ אבא /aba/
Manger ჭიმედ /tʃʼimed/ piti /piti/ i7iyím /iʔijim/ тӏуьн /tʼyn/ ჭამა /t͡ʃʼama/ ჭკომუა /tʃʼkʼomua/ לאכול /leχol/
Boire ლიშგი /liʃɡi/ xeati /ʃeati/ q'emél̕chen /qʼemʔeɬtʃen/ хъун /qun/ დალევა /daleva/ წუმა /tsʼuma/ לשתות /liʃtot/
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Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.