Saamaka tongo
Saramaca
English-based creole (mixed English/Portuguese lexicon, Akan/Gbe substrate)
Saramaccan is a maroon creole of Suriname spoken on the upper Suriname River by descendants of West African enslaved populations who escaped Dutch plantations in the 17th-18th centuries (the Saramaca treaty of 1762 secured their independence). Its mixed English/Portuguese lexicon is unusual among Atlantic creoles and reflects the Portuguese-colonized Caribbean origin of some enslaved laborers; both English and Portuguese contributions appear in basic vocabulary (e.g., "wáta" water from English, but "lúna" moon from Portuguese, "fáya" fire from Portuguese fogo). Saramaccan has gained academic prominence as a model for studying the role of substrate languages in creole genesis (Akan-Gbe substrate is highly influential, with Akan-derived tone, kinship terms, and sentence-final particles).
Où elle est parlée
20 mots essentiels en Saramaca
Eau
wáta
/wáta/
Feu
fáya
/fája/
Soleil
masángi
/masáŋɡi/
Lune
lúna
/lúna/
Mère
mama
/mama/
Père
tata
/tata/
Manger
njá
/ɲá/
Boire
biíki
/biíki/
Amour
lóbi
/lóbi/
Cœur
hááti
/háːti/
Arbre
páu
/páu/
Maison
wósu
/wósu/
Chien
dágu
/dáɡu/
Chat
mísi
/mísi/
Main
mãũ
/mãũ/
Œil
ái
/ái/
Bonjour
kɔlɔkɔlɔ
/kɔlɔkɔlɔ/
Merci
tángi
/táŋɡi/
Un
wán
/wán/
Bon
bunu
/bunu/
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparé aux langues English-based creole (mixed English/Portuguese lexicon, Akan/Gbe substrate) apparentées
| Sens | Saramaca | sranan tongo | Aukan | Papiamento | Pidgin nigérian | bichelamar | Créole du détroit de Torrès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | wáta /wáta/ | watra /watra/ | watra /watra/ | awa /awa/ | wọtá /wɔta/ | wota /wota/ | woda /woda/ |
| Feu | fáya /fája/ | faya /faja/ | faya /faja/ | kandela /kandela/ | faya /faja/ | faea /faea/ | paya /paja/ |
| Soleil | masángi /masáŋɡi/ | son /son/ | son /soŋ/ | solo /solo/ | sọn /sɔn/ | san /san/ | san /san/ |
| Lune | lúna /lúna/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | luna /luna/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ |
| Mère | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mma /mːa/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Père | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ |
| Manger | njá /ɲá/ | nyan /ɲan/ | nyan /ɲaŋ/ | kome /kome/ | chọp /tʃɔp/ | kakae /kakae/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ |
| Boire | biíki /biíki/ | dringi /driŋi/ | diingi /diːŋi/ | bebe /bebe/ | drink /dɾiŋk/ | dring /driŋ/ | dringk /dʒɾiŋk/ |
| Amour | lóbi /lóbi/ | lobi /lobi/ | lobi /lobi/ | amor /amor/ | lọv /lɔv/ | laekem /laekem/ | lavem /lavɛm/ |
| Cœur | hááti /háːti/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | kurason /kurason/ | hat /hat/ | bel /bel/ | hart /hart/ |
| Arbre | páu /páu/ | bon /boŋ/ | bon /boŋ/ | palu /palu/ | tri /tɾi/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tʃɾi/ |
| Maison | wósu /wósu/ | oso /oso/ | osu /osu/ | kas /kas/ | haus /haʊs/ | haos /haos/ | haus /haʊs/ |
| Chien | dágu /dáɡu/ | dagu /daɡu/ | dagu /daɡu/ | kacho /katʃo/ | dọg /dɔɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ |
| Chat | mísi /mísi/ | poesi /pusi/ | poesi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | pus /pus/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusiket /pusiket/ |
| Main | mãũ /mãũ/ | anu /anu/ | ana /ana/ | man /man/ | hand /hand/ | han /han/ | han /han/ |
| Œil | ái /ái/ | ai /ai/ | ai /ai/ | wowo /wowo/ | ai /aɪ/ | ae /ae/ | ai /aj/ |
| Bonjour | kɔlɔkɔlɔ /kɔlɔkɔlɔ/ | odi /odi/ | fa yu de /fa ju de/ | bon dia /bon dia/ | how far /haʊ faː/ | halo /halo/ | wis wei /wis wej/ |
| Merci | tángi /táŋɡi/ | grantangi /ɡrantaŋi/ | gaantangi /ɡaːntaŋi/ | danki /daŋki/ | tanx /taŋks/ | tangkyu /taŋkju/ | eso /ɛso/ |
| Un | wán /wán/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | un /un/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ |
| Bon | bunu /bunu/ | bun /bun/ | boon /boːŋ/ | bon /bon/ | fain /faɪn/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ |
Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.